Fraus with Plows: The 19th Century Development of Skokie :: Essays Papers

Fraus with Plows The 19th Century Development of SkokieOn the corner of Lake and Wagner Roads in Glenview, nearby an Audi dealership, the Glenview Tennis Club, and an Avon plant, nestled between rows of residential developments, is an 18-acre farm. As if its presence wasnt anachronistic enough, the cows grazing in the field attest to the event that the farm, which sits on the border between Chicagos self-christened North Shore and its inner suburbs, is still in operation despite decades of efforts by developers to purchase it and modify the inflict into something more profitable for the north suburban niche. In fact, until 2000, the farm was owned by the Wagner family and run for profit, though it has since been purchased by the Glenview Park District and is now maintained as a museum to showcase the villages historical roots. The rationale behind the villages $7.2 million investment in the land was, as Park District Board President said, ...that this is a part of Glenview, and if we dont acquire it, it wont be there to show the children what Glenview was like. In some ways, perhaps Wagner set ups presence is most fitting as a historical division between the two sets of suburbs directly to the north of the city. While both regions began evolution simultaneously as outgrowths of the rapidly expanding and industrializing urban metropolis to the south, the lakeshore settlements were almost immediately identified as centers to serve the needs of affluent urban commuters, and their resultant development was largely directed towards this goal, whereas the inland settlements were abruptly awakened to their similar potential only in the real estate boom of the 1920s. The explosion of roadway and highway construction after WWII would eventually level the playing field for development between these competing areas and render their boundaries nearly indistinguishable, but until then, towns like Glenview, Morton Grove, Niles, Park Ridge, Lincolnwood, and Skokie ( then cognise as Niles Center) , would develop along a very different trajectory than their lakeshore neighbors, one that had much more in common with Wagner Farm than with the exquisite single-family homes arranged in well-maintained subdivisions that now surround it. The development of Niles Center in many ways embodies a regional pattern of suburban development in 19th Century Cook County. With the exception of a few showcase towns like Riverside, Hyde Park Center, and the settlements along

Beowulfs Superiority :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

Beowulf, the great Geatish warrior, lives a very adventurous life filled with numerous voy ages, battles, and victories. Through solely of these events, he meets various people who are considered to be heroes like himself. These heroes, however, are unable to have the same abilities and characteristics of Beowulf. His great achievements cannot be matched by anything that they have done in their lives. Beowulf is a superior hero to Hrothgar, Unferth, and Wiglaf in the epic of Beowulf because he veils every monster that he fights, becomes a widely feared warrior and king, and dies in battle completing his final heroic act.Beowulf is superior to Hrothgar, Unferth, and Wiglaf because he kills every monster that he faces. When Herot was ravaged by Grendel and his mother, Hrothgar lacked both the strength and the courage to reserve his people. Hrothgar was hindered by his old age and lacked the vitality of his youth that would have made him capable of slaying the monsters. However, wh en Beowulf grows old and becomes king, he is not affected by the factor in of old age. Beowulfs kingdom is attacked by a great dragon just like Hrothgars kingdom was attacked by Grendel. The difference is that Beowulf in his old age still had the strength and courage, unlike Hrothgar, to protect his kingdom. Unferth was considered to be the hero of Herot, but yet when monsters attacked the people that he was suppost to protect, he did nothing to stop it. Grendels reign of bratwurst started many years before Beowulf came, so Unferth had plenty of time to at least make an attempt at stopping him. But because of Unferths lack of action, Beowulf has to recall on the task of slaying Grendel. By killing Grendel and his mother, Beowulf succeeds where Unferth has failed. Wiglaf and Beowulf both fought the dragon, but Beowulf is the one who actually killed it. Wiglaf was in full strength and was unhurt but all that he could do was stab the dragon. Beowulf, however, was badly wounded, but still managed to provide the fatal slice to kill the dragon. Hrothgar, Unferth, and Wiglaf all relied on Beowulf to kill the monsters that they could not kill themselves. This makes Beowulf superior to them because he obtained the strength, courage, and will that they all lacked.Beowulf is superior to Hrothgar, Unferth, and Wiglaf because he becomes a widely feared warrior and king.

Comparing At the Morgue by Helen Garner and Basics Training by Deborah

Comparing At the Morgue by Helen Garner and Basics Training by Deborah HopeAT THE MORGUE &8211 Helen Garner, True Stories 1996This expression is written in the first persons point of assure. The style is informal, almost chatty in spite of the morbid topic it deals with. The author uses this style to tell the contributor a story, like telling a friend an experience. The authors feelings and thoughts are freely expressed. This helps to put the reader into the authors shoes, to see through her eyes and feel through her heart.This expression is a narrative. It does not aim to analyse the topic. It describes the authors experiences at the mortuary and the resulting disturbing thoughts she had. Descriptive language is used to give graphic details. This paints vivid mental pictures in the readers mind. It contributes to the feeling of personal involvement of the reader. All the authors observations are described in detail. Words used are simple yet effective.The article was an enjoymen t to read. It provides an insiders view of what goes on in the mortuary, where not many people can access. It deals with a subject which people do not usually seek information on but are nonetheless intrigued by. The style lessens the formality of the subject, which makes it less scary to deal with. The descriptive language is effectively used. The expression of the authors feeling and thoughts encourages empathy from the reader with the author. basic principle TRAINING &8211 Deborah Hope, The Au...

Video Games in Education Essay -- Gaming Video Games Essays Papers

Video Games in EducationSince the Early 70s video games have been giving a bad name. P atomic number 18nts state that video games rot the minds of pip-squeakren and ar influencing them do be violent. These accusations are far from the truth. In my research I found that there are many positive effects of gaming. Some of these effects are increased skills, creativity, general knowledge, and also ease those in need. Parents can also take fit precautions and case into a game before buying it to see if it meets the criteria discussed in this paper.Video games challenge the player and expand his ability to react unshakable with rattling little lag time. With years of practice the player becomes quicker and more accurate with the movements. Thus hand and eye coordination is better, the player sees something on the screen and has to physically react to it. Not only is hand and eye coordination improved but so is manual dexterity (Taking Children Seriously). For example Madden 2004 is a football game, which requires fast reactions. If the player does not have the quick reaction skills develop then the other team will most likely sack him. The player ask to realize he has a limited time to throw the ball and most get the pass off quickly, he needs to scan the field, look for a possible escape route, and watch for the defense closing in. Another type of game, which improves hand and eye coordination, is shooting games. Although these games, such as Time Crisis 2, are being criticized for its violent content, these games force the player to quickly scan the screen for criminals to shoot before they are shot. The police force uses similar methods to train their officers to remonstrate reaction speed when they are out on the streets. Related to h... ...the ideas that are taught in schools. Games also need to intermix instruction with demonstration. This is a big disparity from the basic way of learning in school, which is memorize and regurgitate. Demonstrating shows the student what it looks like and they retain the content longer. Video games have been an influence part of our society since the early(a) 70s. The bad named that they are given is false, the only reason they have this bad name is because kids like games, so anything that is fun is bad for you. If a child loved playing chess he or she would be rewarded but it to is a game. Video games can help the learning process and should be integrate in to the school system. If a child loved playing chess he or she would be rewarded but it to is a game. Video games can help the learning process and should be incorporated in to the school system.

Harvey Keitel: The Art Of Darkness :: essays research papers

Harvey Keitel The Art of DarknessHarvey Keitel was born in Brooklyn, New York, on May 13, 1939. Harvey was the youngest of 3 children, one brother and one sister. Harveys childhood was rough. He spent most of his times on the streets of New York. He was raised in a rather bad neighborhood, and he began to hang out with a local gang. Although things were bad, every summer he would go to Coney Island, climb rocks, and fish. He was a normal child raised in a very dangerous place, still he knew what was the right thing and what was the wrong thing to do. Although he was in a gang, he never really got himself into much trouble.At the age of 16, Harvey Keitel did not know what to do with his life, so he decided to enlist in the Marines. Harvey was stationed in Lebanon, and stayed there for his 3 year term. When Harvey got out of the Marines in 1959, he was still unsure of what he wanted to do for a living. For the time being, he began a job as a shoe salesman. About a year later from sel ling shoes, Harvey began to take an interest in becoming an actor. He began to try out for part in off Broadway plays. Stella Adler and Strasberg found promise in Harvey Keitel, and they began to teach him ways to become a better actor. Even nether these two stars wings, finding work was still very hard for Harvey. He did find some job opportunities in very off Broadway plays. While Harvey Keitel was a very good actor, it did not look like he was going to be going anywhere with acting. Harvey Keitel was about to give up on acting altogether, but he decided to give it a second chance when he answered a newspaper ad by Martin Scorsese, who at the time, was a NYU assimilator looking for actors for his thesis work, Whos That Knocking On My Door?. When Harvey and Martin met, they became fast friends, and have stayed friends since than. Keitel has worked with Scorsese many times since than, and only Robert De Niro has worked with Scorsese more than Keitel. Things were looking good for H arvey Keitel, but his career took a downfall when he was passed over for a role in Francis Ford Coppolas Apocalypse Now.

Edgar Allan Poe Essay -- English Literature

Edgar Allan Poe EssayHow does E.A. Poe explore the themes of horror and obsession in hisshort stories?In Edgar Allan Poes short stories the black cat and The Tell statementHeart, both terrify the reader by making them believe they are theperson going through these terrifying tales, as they believe they can c alone for the envisiont pound under the floor boards as in The Tell Tale Heart.Or they feel real cocky as showing the police round the basement 2 3times until it all goes wrong, they feel it was them who committedthese awful crimes. In the Black cat short story, it is the madness ofthe characters that creates the blameless scary story, the man trying tokill the cat and eventually killing his wife.Poe creates an atmosphere of horror by making the reader feel they arethe main(prenominal) character, that they have just driven an axe in to therewives head. He wants the reader to feel scared and unsure, to bescared next time they hear a soft beating sound that is unexplainable, to remember the story and haunt you for as long as you live. Thetechniques he uses to do this are simple, but very, very affective, herepeats words and describes the most minute thing, for example, Itwas open wide, wide open and I grew furious as I gazed upon it. Isaw it with perfect keenness all a dull blue, with a hideousveil over it that chilled the very marrow in my bones for I haddirected the ray as if by instinct, precisely upon the damned spot.That shows how he describes almost everything giving you a great ideaof what was happening and how he repeated words to give a incrediblesense of fear.Another method use by Edgar Allan Poe to illustrate the obsessions ofhis characters is that they all were slightly ... ...es the perfect horror story of his time. As thewhen the storys are read in the present they do not scare us as wehave seen horror films with people having objects rammed through thereheads and tremendous things that would scare the hair of a littlechilds back. But even how descriptive the story is it wouldnt scareyou because of our modern day society. The techniques used by EdgarAllan Poe created tension and fear, wanting to know what happenednext. And that is what happened. Edgar Allan Poe is successful throughbeing able to reflect his life into his work, create new techniquesfor generations onwards to use, he gave nigh of the best examples ofnarrative stories and created some of the most describing pieces ofwork ever. In most peoples eyes he succeeded in being one of the tophorror writers of all time, if not the most remembered and the best.

Edgar Allan Poe Essay -- English Literature

Edgar Allan Poe EssayHow does E.A. Poe explore the themes of horror and obsession in hisshort stories?In Edgar Allan Poes short stories the black cat and The Tell TaleHeart, twain terrify the reader by making them believe they be theperson going through these terrifying tales, as they believe they canhear the m totally pound under the floor boards as in The Tell Tale Heart.Or they feel very cocky as showing the police plump the basement 2 3times until it all goes wrong, they feel it was them who committedthese awful crimes. In the Black cat short story, it is the madness ofthe characters that creates the perfect alarming story, the man trying tokill the cat and eventually killing his wife.Poe creates an atmosphere of horror by making the reader feel they arethe main character, that they use up just driven an axe in to therewives head. He wants the reader to feel panic attackd and unsure, to bescared next time they hear a soft beating sound that is unexplainable,to remember th e story and haunt you for as long as you live. Thetechniques he uses to do this are simple, but very, very affective, herepeats words and describes the most minute thing, for example, Itwas open wide, wide open and I grew furious as I gazed upon it. Isaw it with perfect distinctness all a dull blue, with a hideousveil over it that chilled the very marrow in my bones for I haddirected the ray as if by instinct, precisely upon the damned spot.That shows how he describes almost everything giving you a great ideaof what was happening and how he repeated words to give a undreamtsense of fear.Another method used by Edgar Allan Poe to illustrate the obsessions ofhis characters is that they all were slightly ... ...es the perfect horror story of his time. As thewhen the storys are read in the present they do not scare us as wehave seen horror films with people having objects rammed through thereheads and horrible things that would scare the hair of a littlechilds back. But even how des criptive the story is it wouldnt scareyou because of our modern day society. The techniques used by EdgarAllan Poe created tension and fear, wanting to know what happenednext. And that is what happened. Edgar Allan Poe is successful throughbeing able to reflect his life into his work, create new techniquesfor generations onwards to use, he gave some of the better examples ofnarrative stories and created some of the most describing pieces ofwork ever. In most peoples eyes he succeeded in being one of the tophorror writers of all time, if not the most remembered and the best.

Golf Equipment Manufacturing Industry

Henrietta Koramoah What I learned-Poison Gas apply in World War I I learned a roach about World War I and a lot about poison gas during this assignment. First I learned that poison gas was used as an accessory that killed a lot of people. I learned that the use of poison gas was started by France. They used poison gas against Germans in the war. indeed Germans started using poison gas against most of the other country and their allies. The poison gas used was phosgene gas, mustard gas, chlorine, Asphyxiate, and Lachrymator (tearing agent).Most of these gases contain toxic and a calumnious bacterium that can cause damage to humans immediately. Secondly I learned that for first time in the war poison gas was identical a weapon but only used to frighten soldiers. stock-still though the soldiers had their mask on, some were still injured. In 1917 when the United States joined the war, afterward defeated by the Germans most countries like the British got mask for their soldier and used poison gas as a respond to their enemies such as the Germans.Thirdly I learned that, France and British made more mask to protect them from the pain of poison gas. The Germans defeated a lot of countries with the help of poison gas. Even though poison gas did injured and hurt a lot of people. The number of damages caused by poison gas was low to the damages caused by machine guns. And lastly I learned that Germans were blamed for the damages caused in the war, I thought that was a little bit unfair but I thought Germans had it coming. So in conclusion this is what I learned about poison gas in my I-Search assignment.

Pygmalion. The identity of Eliza how does it change and is it for the better?

Pygmalion was written by Bernard Shaw in 1914. The play tells the story of a man called Henry Higgins a professor of ph unmatchedtics who seduces a bet with a friend Colonel Pickering that he throne successfully pass of a low-common cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle as a sophisticated noblewoman by teaching her how to speak with an upper class accent and an improvement in etiquette. Eliza Doolittle by chance meets Higgins and grabs the opportunity to better herself. Eliza wants to improve herself so she arouse be a flower-seller in a shop instead of on the streets.Eliza manages this after a lot of hard work and she diverges in a turn of events of ways. The forms Eliza makes accommodate learning to speak correctly by Higgins tuition, she learns about personal hygiene, she learns manners from Mrs Higgins she learns how to dress properly by Mr Higgins, her confidence and self- take to be increases with Mr Higgins behaviour towards her. The oddment of the play is ambiguous be cause although Eliza has changed her identity, she is so unrecognizable to the other street flower sellers that she no long-run fits into her old class and society anymore she is no longer sure of who she actually is.The first time we meet Eliza is when she is trying to sell flowers to people who are running for shelter from the rain into the porch of St. Pauls church. It becomes apparent that liza is a low-common flower girl with her gutter speech. There is a note taker who is taking down what the flower girl is saying, which then leads her to think he is a patrol officer. At this time the flower girl is the only person who doesnt project a name. The significance of this is that, its as if she doesnt have an identity, however she does have some categorisation of identity with her personality. Thank you kindly, lady. Im a good girl, I am. This demonstrate shows how she is has a general sense of manners, she treats people well and with consideration, which as the play continues is something that Higgins doesnt have.Higgins was treating her like she was goose egg and he and her father look on her as commodity as Doolittle offers Higgins to pay for her. A change that liza encounters is her hygiene, in order for liza to be treated like a lady and receive her lessons she must wash and dress properly. It soon becomes apparent that Liza is apprehensive about having a bath, one thing Liza rarely does. You expect me to get into that and wet myself all over Not me I should catch my death. This evidence clearly shows Lizas workings class stigma a disgrace to others around her after finding out shes never had a proper wash before. Lizas show also causes a controversy in the way she wears rags all the time, as appearance is an important factor when a change of identity occurs. This is a very positive change in Liza because now she has changed to be a hygienic person and looks like a lady. Throughout, the play when Liza is growing and learning every day, she gets view more from other people. (Very courteous) wont you sit down? This suggests the great respect Pickering pays Liza from the beginning. As a result of Lizas improved treatment from others, it make her self esteem increase, she gets more confident. The audience will notice Pickering acting like a true gentleman. Liza needs respect during her change in identity, so this is a positive change. After a period of time, Higgins decides to test Liza to see if she has learnt anything of what he has taught her. He takes Liza to his mothers at-home day. However, after a while Liza on the spur of the moment starts to relapse back into her old gutter speech and mind. They done the old woman in Gin was mothers milk to her. This evidence suggests that Liza hasnt actually changed at all. The language she used reminds us of her old cockney flower girl image and that she still reflects on her now.There is still more work that Liza needs to do in order to be a lady, this reflects swelledly on her after her hard work to achieve where she was. Throughout the play, it has been seen that the way Liza is treated by Higgins is rather unpleasant, he puts her under a lot of pressure. He treats her with disrespect and with a certain dislike. Put her in the dustbin this evidence shows how Higgins doesnt have any respect for the girl, this treatment continues throughout the play. The language used would create the effect that he doesnt like her cares what happens to Liza, it looks like they have a bad relationship, but hes teaching her to stand up to him which could be the greatest of all her identity changes, so this is a positive change to her because he is forcing her to stand up to him but it could also be a unhappy encounter because of the lack of respect at the time.Liza only originally planned to have the lessons to make her speech better, so she could achieve her dreams of becoming a flower-seller in a shop however more fundamental changes have taken place. she must be a prince ss at least this evidence shows that she has achieve her original goals, but she has also gained some which include confidence from her new voice and appearance her appearance has changed quite a lot, her posture changes, her manners and respect change and also her hygiene along the way. So this is a very positive change however, Liza may feel as if she has become two separated from her original plans.After Lizas hard work and determination she feels she cannot go back to the gutter. I have forgotten my own language, and I can speak nothing but yours this evidence suggests how she has lost her old brio behind and doesnt want to be give away of her old life again. Liza has grown as an independent lady and doesnt want her past to reflect her new life- but this doesnt fit into her new life because she has become so far away, she doesnt know who she really is anymore. This creates an effect on the audience because she is showing she has changed and is not the same person, she used to be.Liza has shown an external change rather than on the inside because she still reverts back to her gutter speech at certain times. Overall, Liza has changed. She has changed in many different ways which include her new identity which has come along with her improved hygiene, self-esteem/confidence, etiquette, views, goals/ambitions and her relationships such as one which formed with Freddy. Liza has found her self-importance and independence which she can now leave Higgins, without his need all the time, as she leaves with Freddy, which doesnt entirely make her happy.Liza would have liked to stay with Higgins but he didnt want her. She cant harvest-feast to her previous life because Higgins has left her unfit for it, example is Lizas father Doolittle, who hates being rich. If anything Lizas transformation has taken away her identity because she no longer knows who she is she isnt Doolittles daughter anymore, no longer a street flower seller and no longer Higgins experiment. She d oesnt know what her future holds and doesnt know what she is going to do.

Dear Nobody by Berlie Doherty Essay

The novel is split between two points of view, a first-person narrative presenting the events as Chris recalls them in retrospect, interspersed with a series of letters from Helen to their unborn child (Nobody), telling her side of the story as she experiences it. The framing sequence is set in autumn as Chris is on the verge of leaving for Newcastle University. A parcel of letters is delivered for him, and he recognizes Helens handwriting. He begins to read the letters, all addressed to Dear Nobody, and they remind him of the past nine months. The subsequent chapter headings are all the names of months, beginning with January. Helen and Chris make love for the first, and only, time. Chris is prompted to ask his father about his marriage breakdown, and decides to get in touch with his mother. Shortly afterwards Helen begins to fear she is pregnant.Chris is disturbed by her distant behaviour. In late February she finally tells him her suspicions, and writes her first letter to Dear N obody Youre only a shadow. Youre only a whisper Leave me alone. Go away. Go away. Please, please, go away. Later when a pregnancy test proves positive, she tries to terminate the pregnancy by going riding, risking her life in a wild gallop, to no avail. In April, Helens mother finds out, and arranges for her to go to an abortion clinic. However, Helen decides to keep the baby. Mrs Garton refuses to establish Chris in the house, but he and Helen continue to see each other. They visit Chriss mother in Carlisle. In June, Helen and Chris sit their A-levels.After they are everywhere Helen tells Chris she has decided they should break up, believing it is best for both of them. Chris is bewildered, and feels bereft. To get away from all the memories in Sheffield, he goes to France with Tom. He meets a girl called Bryn, but cannot obturate Helen. In September, Helen learns her mothers greatest secret that she is illegitimate, a great disgrace when she was growing up and finally begins to understand her. When her contractions start, she has a sudden propensity to send her Dear Nobody letters to Chris. Chris finishes reading the letters, realizes the baby is coming and rushes to the hospital, where he meets his newborn daughter, Amy.

Models of Organizational Change Essay

Organizational limiting is occurring at an intense rate within young organizations, as demands to stay current with technology and marketplace trends are ever increasing. Although knowledge exists amongst management and leadership regarding the need for change, the ability to deliver the expected results of proposed changes frequently fails. Recent literature actually suggests that failures are frequently attributed to the level of employee involvement and commitment, and that employees actually play a major role in the success or failure of change within organizations (Shin, Taylor, & Seo, 2012, p. 727).There are various theories of organizational change, more of which have corresponding beats that can be applied to change shapees. Although such theories have differing strategies, most share common elements, to include a clear vision for the organization, the role of the leader in the initiative, the dialogue serve up surrounded by strike stakeholders and employees, and overcoming opposition to change. That said, it is the intention of this paper to evaluate two specific models of organizational change, and to appraise how apiece model incorporates those common elements within their framework.Kurt Lewin Three-Phase Change Theory and seatKurt Lewin proposed a trey- phase change theory in the 1940s however, his theory, together with a corresponding change model, has major implications for modern organizational change initiatives. The three phases of the model are as follows unfreeze-transition-freeze, and are meant as a straight ahead approach to organizational change. What is more, Lewins model has been utilized by many well-known corporations, and has a proven track record of success.Role of the Leader in Lewins ModelAccording to Lewin, the role of the leader in implementing the three-phase process is mutifactoral, as at each phase, leadership is central. For example, during the unfreezing phase, the leader creates a sense of urgency, which is accomplished by generating awareness and understanding of the need for change. It is withal during this phase that communication between the leader, key stakeholders, and employees is essential in order to reach the next phase of transition.During the transition phase, the leader is responsible for the development of organizational structure and process changes that allow for ultimately be shaped by new behaviors, values and attitudes (Kurt Lewin 3 phases change theory, 2012, para. 3). Once the transition phase reaches the point of successful re-structuring, the last(a) freeze stage must occur, and also be maintained. This is the point at which the leader must ensure that adaption to the change has crystallized, as the possibility for the organization to yield back to old ways (Kurt Lewin 3 phases change theory, 2012, para. 3) exists, unless the changes are continually reinforced.Three-Phase Change Model Overcoming ResistanceAlthough one may expect immediate tube to change, thi s is generally not the case. In fact, during the unfreezing stage, most staff and management are willing to change (Kurt Lewin 3 phases change theory, 2012, p. 4) however, there are still others that will require greater provocation. The leaders role to resistance is in generating motivation. This is done by dismantling the status quo through with(predicate) educational initiatives, and the provision of visible examples of proven success.Additionally, lines of communication must remain open, allowing for the building of a guiding coalescence, and the formation of an unwavering cohesiveness. Overcoming resistance also entails the leaders personal involvement, attendance to empowerment, staying open to negotiation, and use of milestones as a means for illustrating successes. As the freezing stage nears, the leader must remain cognizant of any barriers to maintaining the change. Furthermore, a forward outlook is essential, which will be sustained through effective communication, on going observation, training, and even performance and reward systems (Kurt Lewin 3 phases change theory, 2012, p. 5).Three-Phase Change Model and discourseCommunication is truly the most central component to Lewins model. It is highlighted at each of the three phases, with lack of communication being a barrier to successfully transitioning between phases. That said, it must not be discounted the impact that strong lines of communication have on successful change initiatives, as high percentages of change failures are often attributed to poor communication, thus hindering the transition process (Shin et al., 2012, p. 727).Harriss Five-Phase ModelBen Harris developed a five-phase organizational change model in the mid(prenominal) 1970s. According to Harris, the phases are sequential however, they often overlap one another (Lunenburg, 2010, p. 4). The five-phases are as follows planning & initiation, momentum, problems, turning point, and termination.Five-Phase Model Role of the Leade r unconnected Lewins three-phase model, Harriss model is less dependent upon concrete leadership initiatives at each phase. For example, per the five-phase model, the role of the leader is accentuated most at phases II-IV posited by Lunenburg when he acknowledged the importance of leadership at various phases of program implementation (Lunenburg, 2010, p. 5). During planning and initiation, the leader introduces the proposed change, goals, activities, and necessary resources. , and mounts interest among individuals (Lunenburg, 2010, p. 5), which is dissimilar to Lewins creation of a sense of urgency at the unfreezing stage.During momentum, strong leadership is emphasized for the development of goal-directed activities, and the organizing of processes meant to serve as the point at which employees experience personal maturement through involvement. At the problems phase, leaders must stay focused on imminent issues, including the complexity of plans, differences between involved par ties with regard to perceptions and goals, demands of responsibility, conflict, and individuals not fulfilling duties and expectation (Lunenburg, 2010, p. 5). It is up to the leader to direct the actions necessary for the completion of this phase in order to move on to the turning point.During the turning point phase, the leader continues to act as facilitator for the continued growth of problems, or he moves the group forward if problems have been overcome. Solid leadership is crucial here, as the point at which the change coalition should see results of initial planning, and experience the momentum of the change process. Similar to Lewiss transition phase, emphasis at this phase is placed on behaviors, values, and attitudes (Kurt Lewin 3 phases change theory, 2012, para. 2).At termination, the leader must attempt to break down any barriers to the success of the change. This phase comes with a twofold strategy, which on one hand addresses voltage change failure, and on the other h and, the possibility for change success. It is also the point at which resistance to change becomes most evident therefore, the investment of leadership is lively to this phase.Harriss Five-Phase Model Overcoming ResistanceThere is very little focus within Harriss five phases on leaders overcoming staff resistance to change. In fact, of all five phases, it is not until termination that attention to resistance is even highlighted. Unlike Lewins model, which does not allow for transitioning between phases if opposition is met, Harriss model affords for a five-phase transition, even in the face of potential failure. This is a good example of a five-phase model weakness, and three-phase model strength.Harriss Five-Phase Model and CommunicationHarriss model does not specifically stress the importance of communication as does Lewins model however, it is implied in the description of the leaders responsibilities at each phase. Noticeably, each of the five phases alludes to the need for le aders to effectively and consistently communicate with staff in order for certain activities and goals to be accomplished. The difference however, between Lewin and Harris, is that Harris allows for the transitioning between stages even when barriers to success persist.ConclusionAs organizations face the ever-increasing demands of technology, together with the challenges of staying current with marketplace trends, the need forchange will remain imminent. With various strategies in universe of discourse for the execution of change initiatives, leaders must stay abreast of the specific demands of their fields, while also maintaining solid lines of communication and solid leadership within their organizations. It is also important that change models with proven effectiveness be implemented, and that they are well-matched to the situation. Relative strengths and weakness of any change model will always exist, but through solid and effective leadership, the potential to overcome such we akness and the likelihood of change success is altogether probable.ReferencesKurt Lewin 3 phase change theory universally accepted change management. (2012). Retrieved from http//www.change-management-consultant.com/kurt-lewin.html Lunenburg, F. (2010). Approached to managing organizational change. 1, 12, 1-10. Retrieved from http//www.nationalforum.com/Electronic%20Journal%20Volumes/Lunenburg,%20Fred%20C%20Approaches%20to%20Managing%20Organizational%20Change%20IJSAID%20v12%20n1%202010.pdf Shin, J., Taylor, M. S., & Seo, M. (2012, June 1). Resources for change the relationships of organizational inducements and psychological resilience to employees attitudes and behaviors toward organizational change. Academy of Management Journal, 55(3), 727-748. Retrieved from http//ehis.ebscohost.com.library.gcu.edu2048/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=5a0184b6-033b-45ea-a35a-e84a3a89923d%40sessionmgr110&vid=8&hid=116