How to improve the employees' work efficiency Thesis

How to improve the employees' work efficiency - Thesis Example This research will begin with the statement that over a long period, time management has continued to be a contentiously debated and researched area. Inadvertently, work efficiency directly relates to time management. In this research carried out at SDPW, time management is a critical issue that has elicited numerous responses that have shed more light and given a new perspective on work efficiency. Repeatedly, successful companies and organizations, like SDPW, strive to put up measures to reduce time wasting, while employees on their part try to evaluate how to manage their time at work. All these are the parameters for checking time management that would, in turn, bring about work efficiency. While it is known that time is a preciously limited resource, managing it is equally indispensable. As Chinese proverb goes, gold cannot get anyone time that has been lost. It is, therefore, clear-cut: time management is hazardous when improperly utilized. When properly managed, a company can reap many benefits of effectively managing time; work efficiency ultimately influences the outcome of services provided by the company. In everyday life, the amount of work needed to be done inevitably piles up more and more. In the work place, there are many deadlines to beat, assignments to hand in and schedules that need to be kept. In this regard, work efficiency will not be achieved if the time factor is thrown into the backburner. The time always seems to be limited, no matter what we do. (Groves et al., 2004). Time management in essence is the key to overcoming all the bottlenecks associated with work efficiency. It all comes down to how employees manage their time at the work place, which, in turn, determines the amount of work done and the levels of achievements reached. Time management is ultimately the key to doing everything within limited amounts of time given and still being efficiently productive in the end. The research study carried out at SDPW was an involving proj ect. True to its effect, the activities of data collection undertaken between the months of February and March 2012 reflect and capture the views and experiences on employees of SDPW. Work efficiency as acknowledged is a critical area of study that its findings go a long way in shaping up working environments in many companies. There is a growing need for efficiency at the workplace as presented by the study carried out. The specifics and range of research methodologies was particularly put in place to ensure maximum results were achieved. The quantitative method of research, focus group and the absolute structured interview of parameters of time wasting ensured that the researchers put into consideration the different angles of work efficiency. This ensured that the managers, the engineers, officers and employees were specifically sampled. The sampling included those with considerable levels of experience at the company and those who were particularly less familiar with the company . Conclusion The research findings from SDPW revealed that efficiency at work comes down to how many employees maximize their use of the limited time resource. In particular, the essence of an employee working efficiently by adequately using time is a factor that shapes the growth of a company (Jill and

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: Virulence and Pathogenesis Issues

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: Virulence and Pathogenesis Issues Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram negative, motile, aerobic rod shaped bacterium which can occur as singles, in pairs and occasionally in short chains. P.aeruginosa is a ubiquitous organism which can proliferate under the sparest conditions such as sinks, toilets, cosmetics, vaporisers, inhalers, respirators, and anaesthesiology and dialysis equipment. Infected patients and staff are also potential primary sources of infection (2). P.aeruginosa is a major opportunistic pathogen of the immunocompromised causing a wide range of nosocomial infections. These include infections of burn, post operative wounds, urinary tract (especially in patients with catheters), ears and eyes. Infection frequently leads to sepsis and deaths can occur (3). This organism is associated with the greatest morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (4) and is prevalent among patients with burn wounds and intravenous drug users (5, 6). P.aeruginosa is able to persist and multiply in moist environments and on mos t pieces of equipment in hospital wards. This is of importance in cross infection control (4). P.aeruginosa is the most important, resistant and dangerous organism infecting burn patients (7). It is the fifth common pathogen among hospital microorganisms and causes 10% of all hospital acquired infections (8). The rate of commensalisation increases as the duration of hospital stay increases (9). Epidermiologically, P.aeruginosa is ranked as the fourth cause of nosocomial infections in the United States (10). A study on various clinical isolates was conducted in Afghanistan at the Post Graduate Medical Institute (PGMI) Hayatabal Medical Complex to ascertain the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of P.aeruginosa infections. Among the positive isolates, 6.67% were P.aeruginosa with the highest rate of infection observed in orthopaedic ward (24.61%) and 0PD (20%). The highest percentage of P.aeruginosa isolates were observed in pus (57.64%) (11). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to many antimicrobial agents and has therefore become dominant and important when the more susceptible bacteria of the normal flora are suppressed (1). With the widespread use of quinolones both in the hospital and in the common setting, drug resistant P.aeruginosa isolates have emerged and continue to escalate rapidly (12). The antimicrobial agents are losing their efficacy due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics, lack of awareness, patient non compliance and unhygienic conditions (11). Like most gram negative bacilli, P.aeruginosa has been reported to have developed resistance to commonly used antibiotics and disinfectants. It was originally sensitive to Carbernicillin, piperacillin, Gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and other drugs. However it is now resistant to these antibiotics (13, 14). The virulence factors associated with P.aeruginosa infections include cytotoxin production, the organisms ability to form a biofilm, produce gelatinase, elastase an d alkaline protease. These cause the destruction of connective tissue and degradation of host immunological factors (15, 16). The primary aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of P.aeruginosa in wound infections and its sensitivity to commonly used antibiotics in inpatients at Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals. PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common Gram-negative microorganisms identified in the clinical specimens of hospital admitted patients. It is a rod that measures about 0.6 2Â µm and is motile by means of a single polar flagellum (1, 18). P. aeruginosa is noted for its metabolic versatility and its exceptional ability to colonize a wide variety of environments and also for its intrinsic resistance to a wide variety of antimicrobial agents. It is an obligate aerobe that grows well at temperatures between 37-42Â °C. Due to its ubiquitous nature, P. aeruginosa grows readily on any type of media (1). On Blood agar they are often ÃŽ ²-haemolytic while on MacConkey agar they produce pale colonies because they do not ferment lactose. P.aeruginosa is oxidase positive (17). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is well known for its production of two soluble pigments, pyocyanin which is a non-fluorescent bluish pigment and the fluorescent pigment pyoverdin, which gives a greenish colour to the media. P. aeruginosa also produces a sweet grape-like odour due to the production of 2-aminoacetophenone (1, 17). PATHOGENESIS P. aeruginosa is pathogenic when introduced to areas lacking normal host defences for example when there is tissue damage and during cancer therapy where there is neutropaenia (1). P.aeruginosa is a major opportunistic pathogen of the immunocompromised causing a wide range of nosocomial infections. These include infections of burn, post operative wounds, urinary tract (especially in patients with catheters), ears and eyes (in users of extended-wear soft contact lenses). Infection frequently leads to sepsis and deaths can occur (3). This organism is associated with the greatest morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (4) and is prevalent among patients with burn wounds and intravenous drug users (5, 6). It produces cytotoxins, proteases and haemolysins. Isolates from patients with Cystic fibrosis produce a polysaccharide, alginate. The alginate, pili and outer membrane mediate adhesion to host epithelia (19). VIRULENCE FACTORS The ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cause a wide range of infections is due to its ability to produce a number of cell-associated (adhesions, alginate, pili, flagella and lipopolysaccharide) and extracellular (elastase, exoenzyme S, exotoxin A, haemolysins, iron binding proteins, leukocidins and proteases) virulence factors. These mediate a number of processes including adhesion, nutrient acquisition, immune system evasion, leukocyte killing, tissue adhesion and blood stream invasion (20, 21). CELL-ASSOCIATED VIRULENCE FACTORS P.aeruginosa requires a breach in first-line defences to initiate infection. This can result from alteration of the immunologic defence mechanisms for example in chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression and AIDS, disruption of the protective balance of mucosal normal flora by broad-spectrum antibiotics, or breach of normal mucosal barriers for example trauma and burns (21, 23). Adherence of P. aeruginosa to host epithelium is mediated by type 4 pili, that extend from the cell surface (1, 22). Flagella, primarily responsible for motility may also act as adhesins to epithelial cells (23). Lipopolysaccharides are responsible for endotoxic properties of the organism while the exopolysacharride is responsible for the mucoid colonies from patients with Cystic fibrosis (1). EXTRACELLULAR VIRULENCE FACTORS These are extracellular products produced by P. aeruginosa that can cause extensive tissue damage. They include exotoxin A, exoenzyme S, elastase, alkaline protease but the contribution of a given factor varies with the type of infection (24). Exotoxin A catalyses ADP-ribosylation and inactivation of elongation factor 2, leading to inhibition of protein biosynthesis and cell death (25). It is also responsible for local tissue necrosis (1). Exoenzyme S is also an ADP-riboslytransferase that ribosylates GTP binding proteins resulting in direct tissue damage (26). Phospholipase C and rhamnolipid are haemolysin produced by P. aeruginosa. They breakdown lipids and lecithin and both have cytotoxic effects (27). Pseudomonas aeruginosa also produces toxins which include Las B elastase, Las A elastase and alkaline protease (28). Las A elastase and Las B elastase have elastolytic activity. Elastin is a major component of lung tissue and blood vessels. Las B elastase is a zinc metalloprotease while Las A is a protease. Alkaline protease lyses fibrin (29). BIOFILMS Pseudomonas aeruginosa is also able to form biofilms. Biofilms are complex communities of surface-attached aggregates of microorganisms embedded in a self-secreted extracellular polysaccharide matrix or slime (alginate) (30, 31). These act as efficient barriers against antimicrobial agents (aminoglycosides, ÃŽ ² lactamases, fluoroqunilones and disinfectants) and the host immune system resulting in persistent colonisation and loss of action at the site of infection (32, 33). CELL TO CELL SIGNALLING Cell to cell signalling systems control extracellular virulence factors required for tissue invasion by P. aeruginosa. THE LAS CELL TO CELL SIGNALLING SYSTEM The Las cell to cell signalling system regulates the expression of Las B elastase (34). It regulates Las B expression and is required for optimal production of other extracellular virulence factors such as Las A elastase and exotoxin A (35). THE RHL CELL TO CELL SIGNALLING SYSTEM The rhl cell to cell signalling system controls the production of rhamnolipid. The system regulates the expression of the rhl AB operon that encodes a rhamnosyltransferase required for rhamnolipid production. It is also important for Las B elastase, protease, pyocyanin and alkaline transferase production (36). ANTIMICROBIAL REACTIVITY OF P. AERUGINOSA Like most gram negative bacilli, P.aeruginosa has been reported to have developed resistance to commonly used antibiotics and disinfectants. It was originally sensitive to Carbernicillin, piperacillin, Gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and other drugs. Degrees of cross-resistance between these agents have been reported however (13, 14). Treatment of infections by P. aeruginosa is often difficult because of its virulence and limited choice of antimicrobial agents. P. aeruginosa has the capacity to carry multiresistance plasmids, and this feature has led to the appearance of some strains that are resistant to all reliable antibiotics (37). In a study carried out at the Post Graduate Medical Institute Hayatabad Medical complex in Afghanistan on the prevalence and resistance pattern of P. aeruginosa against various antibiotics, the highest resistance was observed against ampicillin, ampicillin/ sulbactam, co-amoxiclave and ofloxacin and least resistance was observed against amikacin. Similarly t he MIC for ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam and co-amoxiclave against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was also high (11). A similar study carried out at Dhaka Medical College Hospital in 2006 showed that almost all of the P. aeruginosa isolates were resistant to cefixime and co-trimoxazole, majority were resistant to ceftazidime, gentamycin and ciprofloxacin. The result of the study showed that imipenem is the most effective drug against P. aeruginosa, followed by amikacin and ciprofloxacin (39). MECHANISM OF ACTION OF COMMONLY USED ANTIBIOTICS The commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections are Aminoglycosides (for example Gentamicin and amikacin), Penicillins (such as cabernicillin), Quinolones (for example Nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin), Cephalosporins (ceftazidime) and Carbapenemes (meropenem and imipenem) (37). Penicillins, Cephalosporins and Carbapenemes inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis. They are ÃŽ ²-lactam agents. Aminoglycosides and Tetracyclines are inhibitors of protein synthesis. Quinolones are inhibitors of bacterial nucleic acid synthesis (17). RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS The antimicrobial resistance conferred by P. aeruginosa is due to mutations in the organisms genetic material. No single mutation is responsible for multidrug resistance. Mutations to topoisomerase 2 and 4 confer fluoroquinolone resistance. Derepression of the chromosomal AmpC ÃŽ ²-lactamase reduces susceptibility to penicillins and cephalosporins. Up-regulation of MexAB-OprM compromises the fluoroquinolones, penicillins, cephalosporins and it also enhances resistance to many other drugs that lack useful anti-pseudomonal actions (38). 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Considering the ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to persist and multiply in moist places and in most pieces of equipment in hospital wards (4), antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern. This is attributed to the fact that the organism is able to withstand conditions such as high temperature and high concentrations of salts and antiseptic (10). It is therefore imperative to constantly evaluate the pathogenesis and sensitivity patterns of P.aeruginosa so as to prevent further spread and recurrence of infection in the hospital set up. 1.3 HYPOTHESIS Null Hypothesis (H0) The prevalence of P. aeruginosa in wound and pus swab specimens at Parirenyatwa hospital is 6.7%. Alternative Hypothesis (H1) The prevalence of P. aeruginosa in wound and pus swab specimens at Parirenyatwa hospital is greater than 6.7%. 1.4 OBJECTIVES The aims of this study are: To determine the prevalence of P. aeruginosa in wound and pus swab specimens of patients admitted at Parirenyatwa hospital. To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates.

ALI :: essays research papers

American boxer, one of the greatest fighters in the history of the sport. Colorful, talented, and sometimes controversial, Ali entertained fans and intimidated opponents. His boxing style involved graceful footwork and powerful jabs. He also became famous for bragging about himself. For example, he once described his skills by saying that he could "float like a butterfly, sting like a bee," In 1978 Ali became the first boxer to win the world heavyweight championship title three different times. Ali was born in Louisville, Kentucky. His original name was Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr. He began boxing at the age of 12, after his bicycle was stolen and a police officer suggested that the young Clay should learn how to box. By age 18 Clay had amassed a record of 108 wins and 8 losses in amateur competition. This included six Kentucky Golden Gloves titles, the 1959 International Golden Gloves heavyweight title, and a gold medal as the light heavyweight champion at the 1960 Olympic Games in Rome, Italy. After returning from the Olympics, Clay turned professional. He fought his first professional bout on October 29, 1960, and defeated Tunney Hunsaker. As Clay continued to win over the next few years, he became more vocal about his successes, and he was given the nicknames "Louisville Lip" and "Mighty Mouth." By 1964 Clay had recorded 19 professional wins and had earned a chance to challenge heavyweight champion Sonny Liston. At 22 years of age, he was considered a serious underdog. Nonetheless, he predicted that he would knock out Liston in the eighth round. Clay needed even less time to make good on his claim. His jab-and-dance technique tired Liston, who failed to come out of his corner at the start of the seventh round. Clay was crowned the new world heavyweight champion and proclaimed himself "The Greatest." In 1964 Clay converted to Islam, joined the Nation of Islam (see Black Muslims), and assumed the name Muhammad Ali. In 1965 he defended his title in a rematch against Liston. The bout lasted only 2 minutes 12 seconds. During the first round Ali caught Liston with a hard blow, so quick that it was dubbed the "phantom punch" because few fans saw it.

Fahrenheit 451 Theme and the World of Today Essay

There have been a lot technological developments and advancements in the world. Technological advancements include the Televisions, computers and mobile phones that have become part of human life (Bloom, 76). From the futuristic book Fahrenheit 451, the author notes that the Television has become one of the enemies that people have in the world. The Television is seen as a replacement of the curiosity in human beings, the intellectual aspect as well as a replacement of literature. Furthermore, it is noted in the book that the Television has become a substitute in the family whereby people are glued to what is on the television rather than spend time with families (Bloom, 77). Friendships have been replaced with Television and no meaningful or real conversations can be started without the interruption of the Television. People are busy looking for happiness because people seem to be happy when they do not have to do the â€Å"difficult† work of thinking critically as noted by the author of the story (Bloom, 77). However, the benefits of television cannot be ignored because of the information aspect of that people can gain. Television, in the current world, has helped a lot in the distribution of the information. Marketers of products rely on television to inform consumers of their products. Governments make use of televisions to pass information to the subjects. It is a contrast that the same tool that is said to replace families and friendships and prevent meaningful conversations is the same tool that is used to unite people (Bloom, 78). Television unites people through information in other aspects, political, social and even economic issues, in the society. Therefore, the theme of Television is directly related to the current world and the way people have become glued to technology use across the world. References Bloom, Harold. Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, New Edition. New York: Chelsea House, 2008. Internet resource. P.76-78 Source document

“Invictus” by William E. Henley and “Anthem“ by Ayn Rand Essay

The poem â€Å"Invictus† by William E. Henley, and the novel Anthem by Ayn Rand, both have common themes that discuss the importance of individuality in each society are forbid and belief of the unspeakable word ego and the word I should be eliminated from the vocabulary in a effort to eradicated the true â€Å"evil† are present as individualism. One of the common themes between Rand’s novel, and Henley’s poem is that, both of the main characters of these pieces are determined to be nothing less than what they were made to be which is unconquerable. A quote from Anthem that supports this theme is, â€Å"They (the Golden one) looked strait into our Equality 7-2521 eyes and they held our head high and they answered: â€Å"the unconquered.†(p.56). From this quote, the Golden one proves to think that Equality 7-2521 is an unconquerable being, because of this determination, as well as will-power with all his doings. In Invictus, the protagonist does not see himself to be overcome by anything, but to always be able to rise against his challengers. As the author states in Invictus , we thank whatever gods may be for my unconquerable soul. The leading character explains in this quote how he is invincible, and that this gift was given to him, so therefore it cannot be taken away. I can relate this to Anthem , by recapping what happened to Equality 7-2521in his past experiences with the transgressor got burned alive, which made him steadily directed and immovable, such as in â€Å"Invictus†. Also, in both Anthem and â€Å"Invictus†, the protagonists of the story and poem, went through physical pain, which I also believe has a lot of emotional pain involved as well. In Anthem Equality 7-2521 states this excerpt, â€Å"They tore our clothes from our body, they threw us down upon our knees and they tied our hands to the iron post. The first blow of the lash felt as if our spine had been cut in two.† (p.64). From this quote we can gather that Equality 7-2521 had physical pain from the lashes, but also emotional pain behind the reasoning of the abuse. I believe that this had a hug Individuality, this word is what makes a person who they are. It can be molded into whatever one chooses it to be. It also puts you in control of yourself and guides you through your existence. Being individualized is what makes us human. We are not all the same. In the novel Anthem, the thought of individuality is a constant theme throughout the book. The main character, Equality believes he is cursed by being an individual, at first. Many similarities can be found between the novel Anthem and the poem â€Å"Invictus. Invictus is Latin word for Unconquered. Another character, Liberty, will begin to call Equality unconquered in the novel. She believes he is unconquered because his appearance to her is different. She believes that because he is different that he will not be held down by the conformity surrounding him, therefore unconquered. â€Å"Your eyes are as flame, but our brothers have neither hope nor fire. Your mouth is cut of granite, but our brothers are soft and humble. Your head is high, but our brothers cringe. You walk, but our brothers crawl.† his poem â€Å"Invictus†, â€Å"Out of the night that covers me, Balck as the pit from pole to pole, I thank whatever gods may be For my unconquerable soul.† These two quotes alone depict individuality very well and are similar in the message in ANTHEM AND THE POAM INVICTUS. Towards the end of the novel I think that Equality will tell the reader of how he will no longer live for anyone but himself and those that he loves and love him. â€Å"It is my mind which thinks, and the judgment of my mind is the only searchlight that can find the truth. It is my will which chooses, and the choice of my will is the only edict I must respect.† â€Å"I ask none to live for me, nor do I live for any others.† These quotes are very similar to the last two line of â€Å"Invictus.† They read â€Å"I am the master of my fate; I am the captain of my soul.

Essay on El Sol Que Tú Eres (Linda Ronstadt)

Essay on El Sol Que Tà º Eres (Linda Ronstadt) Essay on El Sol Que Tà º Eres (Linda Ronstadt) Essay on El Sol Que Tà º Eres (Linda Ronstadt)The song is written by Daniel Valdez and performed by Linda Ronstadt. This is a traditional Mexican song performed by the singer accompanied by musicians using traditional Mexican musical instruments. The song focuses on the theme of the praise of the narrator to the sun, which she admires and which is her only sympathizer. At the same time, the song reveals a deeper theme of sufferings of the narrator, who is not just misunderstood by her social environment but who is also exploited severely. She conveys her sufferings implicitly and uncovers hardships of her life. The problem is the revelation of the position of the narrator under the sun but the development of the narration shows that she prays for the sun as the only one, who can be sympathetic to her. On the other hand, her references to the sun are quite metaphorical since the sun may be a metaphor, which refers to the beloved of the main character of the song. She refers to him an d reveals her love and devotion, on the one hand, and complaints on her fate, on the other. The verbal message conveyed by the singer has a strong musical back-up as traditional Mexican musical instruments, especially violin that makes the song sound even more sensual and evoke a strong feeling of sympathy toward the narrator and her sufferings. The music flows smoothly with occasional raises of the pitch as emotions of the singer rise to emphasize her current emotional condition and sufferings even more. Hence, the audience perceives the song as a blend of sensual music and emotionally colored words.La Venia Bendita (Marco Antonio Solà ­s)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The song La Venia bendita by Marco Antonio Solis is the song uncovering the story of two beloved, who suffer from the separation and regret about those days that have gone and will never return, when they have love and stayed together. The song is the love song that conveys the story of two beloved. Th e narrator of the song mourns on the upcoming separation of two beloved because the narrator has to part. The narrator gives implications that he probably will never come back again and their separation will last forever till the end of their life. The narrator suffers but still he enjoys the past experience and love, which he has once had with his beloved. The narrator raises the theme of death as the inevitable way to the separation of two beloved, who cannot stay together being separated by the death. In such a way, the song brings in dark feelings of the threat of the upcoming death and separation of two beloved. At the same time, the narrator is not disenchanted into their life because the love they once have had and which they enjoyed their love. In such a way, the song conveys the controversial feeling the narrator has. On the one hand, he admires the love he had, but on the other hand, he is aware of the necessity of their separation and the death will separate them forever and put the end to their love. In this regard, the music plays an important part in the revelation of feelings of the narrator. Music is played with the help of traditional musical instruments, which convey feelings and emotions of the narrator and help the audience to share those feelings and emotions. The change of the rhythm and tone of the music helps to feel the regret of the narrator and the sensation of the love, which he once had with his beloved,Flor Silvestre (Ixya Herrera)Flor Silvestre by Ixya Herrera is a romantic, sensual song conveying the love story of the narrator and her emotional sufferings caused by challenges accompanying her love and sufferings in the course of her life. The sensual music is supported strongly by sensual music and effective changes of the tone to raise the emotional tension in the course of the song. In this regard, the song conveys the story of the narrator and uses smooth flow of the music to convey the love story of the narrator. The song un covers the story of the narrator and her beloved. The story evokes sympathy in the audience and the music enhances the verbal message conveyed by the narrator. The use of classical musical instruments, including those specific for Mexico only, helps to enhance the emotional burden of the song and makes the audience more and more involved into the song and the story it conveys. The song is therefore highly emotional and evokes sympathy in the audience, engaging listeners to enhance their feelings and emotions.Cien Aà ±os (Pedro Infante)Cien Anos by Pedro Infante is the song palyed in the traditional Mexican style with the use of traditional Mexican musical instruments. The story conveyed in the song is the classical story of the irresponsive love. The narrator of the song is uncovering his great love and passion toward his beloved but he suffers from the cold indifference of his beloved, which is unbearable for him. He cannot afford the life living without the love he has and his lo ves makes his life purposeful. The narrator of the song expresses his love openly and places emphasis on the fact that his love is insatiable and overwhelming. He cannot resist his love, even though he is aware that his beloved does not even care about him. He wants to show the true love he has toward his beloved. In such a way, the audience gets involved into his love story. The audience can hardly keep from feeling being sympathetic to the narrator, who cannot win the love of the object of his passion. However, the narrator seems to never lose his hope to make his beloved loving him. At any rate, he is ready to wait as long as possible or as impossible for he ends up the song telling that he would wait one hundred years, if necessary, to make his beloved loving him. In this regard, the use of classical Mexican instruments and the vivid, virtually picturesque music playing during the song enhances messages conveyed by the narrator. The music plays vividly and raises strong emotions in the audience. String instruments are traditional for Mexican music and they are widely used in the course of the song making it more vivid and engaging for the audience. Music seems to support words sang by the singer. In such a way, the blend of vivid, passionate music and passionate words make the song emotionally strong.

The Tenor of a Metaphor, a Rhetorical Term

The Tenor of a Metaphor, a Rhetorical Term In a metaphor, the tenor is the principal subject illuminated by the vehicle (that is, the actual  figurative expression). The interaction of tenor and vehicle evokes the meaning of the metaphor. Another word for tenor is topic. For example, if you call a lively or outspoken person a firecracker (The guy was a real firecracker, determined to live life on his own terms), the aggressive person is the tenor and firecracker is the vehicle. The terms vehicle  and  tenor  were introduced by British  rhetorician  Ivor Armstrong Richards in  The Philosophy of Rhetoric  (1936). [V]ehicle and tenor in cooperation, said Richards, give a meaning of more varied powers than can be ascribed to either. Examples The main elements of metaphorical equations such as Life is a walking shadow are often referred to as tenor (thing we are talking about) and vehicle (that to which we are comparing it).   Ground . . . denotes the link between tenor and vehicle (i.e., common properties; Ullmann 1962: 213). Thus, in the metaphor  Ã‚  Life is a walking shadow, life represents the tenor, walking shadow the vehicle, and transience the ground.Alternative terminologies abound. Popular alternatives for tenor and vehicle are target domain and source domain, respectively.(Verena Haser,  Metaphor, Metonymy, and Experientialist Philosophy: Challenging Cognitive  Semantics. Walter de Gruyter, 2005)Tenor and Vehicle in William Staffords RecoilIn William Staffords poem Recoil, the first stanza is the vehicle and the second stanza is the tenor:The bow bent remembers home long,the years of its tree, the whineof wind all night conditioningit, and its answer Twang!To the people here who would fret me downtheir way and make me bend:By remembering hard I could startle for homeand be myself again. Tenor and Vehicle in Cowleys The WishIn the first stanza of Abraham Cowleys poem â€Å"The Wish,† the tenor is the city and the vehicle is a beehive:Well then! I now do plainly seeThis busy world and I shall neer agree.The very honey of all earthly joyDoes of all meats the soonest cloy;And they, methinks, deserve my pityWho for it can endure the stings,The crowd and buzz and murmurings,Of this great hive, the city. I.A. Richards on Tenor and Vehicle We need the word metaphor for the whole double unit, and to use it sometimes for one of the two components in separation from the other is as injudicious as that other trick by which we use the meaning here sometimes for the work that the whole double unit does and sometimes for the other componentthe tenor, as I am calling itthe underlying idea or principal subject which the vehicle or figure means. It is not surprising that the detailed analysis of metaphors, if we attempt it with such slippery terms as these, sometimes feels like extracting cube-roots in the head.​(I.A. Richards, The Philosophy of Rhetoric. Oxford University Press, 1936)​[I.A. Richards] understood metaphor as a series of shifts, as borrowings back and forth, between tenor and vehicle. Hence, in 1936, his famous definition of metaphor as a transaction between contexts.Richards justified coining tenor, vehicle, and ground to clarify the terms of that transaction. . . . The two parts had been called by such loaded locutions as the original idea and the borrowed one; what is really being said or thought of and what it is compared to; the idea and the image; and the meaning and the metaphor. Some theorists refused to concede how much idea was imbedded in, drawn from the image. . . . With neutral terms a critic can proceed to study the relations between tenor and vehicle more objectively.(J. P. Russo, I.A. Richards: His Life and Work. Taylor, 1989) Pronunciation: TEN-er

Back To School Icebreakers, Worksheets, and Resources

Back To School Icebreakers, Worksheets, and Resources There are lots of fun resources to get your school year started. For more ideas, especially classroom management tools, check out the Back to School Toolkit. Icebreaker Worksheets These worksheets give your students lots of things to think about, lots of things to share with their classmates and opportunities to consider the kind of year they are going to have. Be sure you also plan some time for collaboration, opportunities for students to compare their answers and perhaps starting doing some grouping of their own.  Ã‚   Getting to Know You, Scavenger Hunts, IcebreakersSolving Math Problems Worksheets3 Getting to Know You Worksheets Classroom Management These resources also include articles with ideas for building classroom structure, routines and a comprehensive plan for classroom management.  The first sheet may even help your students help you formulate the routines your classroom will need to run efficiently.   Teaching Rules and RoutinesCreating a Comprehensive Classroom Management Plan12 Behavior Contracts That WorkCreating a Comprehensive Classroom Management PlanYou Can Handle Them All- Tattletales, Bullies, Aggression- Here’s How IEP Help As a special educator, IEPs will always have to have a place near the top of the list.  These resources should help you prepare your classroom and build the infrastructure that will support your students needs. Parts of an IEPBehavioral Components of an IEP

Workers compensation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Workers compensation - Research Paper Example The wordings alone â€Å"workers compensation† have a lot to showcase a reaction that is usually negative. The negativity in it is a challenge to all stakeholders involved in the system. Insurance is involved, and as understood, it is also a business entity. The company as well is another business entity. Furthermore, the worker wants to gain from the company. It is therefore an interesting situation on how all these stakeholders play part in achieving a balanced interest that would act for the benefit of all. Challenges cannot be ruled out since this is a society of politics, but all in all, the worker has to receive his fair share of compensation. Workers compensation is a program that protects workers who are injured while on duty. The program comprises of laws that are designed to ensure that employees who are injured or get disabled while working are compensated with fixed monetary awards. The laws also provide benefits to the dependents of those who get injured as a result of work related accidents. Compensation has been defined as the payment of damages with an aim of restoring the life of a plaintiff to its normal state or as close as possible. Therefore, it has to include cover for the payment of damages, payment for medical treatment, and loss of wages (Lencsis, 1998). Workers compensation revolves around the fact that the employer pays for all injuries to employees no matter the fault. As suggested by Wertz and Bryant, â€Å"this concept is based on the opinion that the society has a moral responsibility to care for workers injured at work and their families† (2000, p. 2). Before the introduction of the workers compensation plan, workers suffering from work related injuries could sue their employers through the courts of law. This procedure was time consuming and expensive. The employees could also easily loose the court cases since

Announced Firm Negotiation Position Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Announced Firm Negotiation Position - Essay Example Sometimes, including the product price or service fee in the company portfolio listing may not be advantageous at all. In this case, the company’s weak side may be exposed to the buyer and may give a certain impression that may actually affect the buyer’s interest to the deal. To avoid such, both the buyer and the seller should research well not only on the current market but the social factors which affect the negotiation process. For the seller, it is important to know the type of buyers to be able to adjust strategies during the negotiation process before announcing any negotiation position. More often than not, negotiation can actually be flexible for both parties. Metz reported that â€Å"the seller can bend to the time constraints and resource limitations of a particular buyer.† There are a handful of reasons a buyer would be highly interested to the offered deal. It can be his desire to the product’s innovative technology, or his interest in the company’s market position, or his confidence to the seller’s customer base. Negotiation can be absolutely strategic if there is a diversity of buyers that range from a number of large firms to a few small buyers. The seller’s problem lies in the situation where there is only one or no buyer. This case may be used by the buyer to his advantage if he is the only buyer in the negotiation. During the negotiation process, defining your official standpoint or stance is of prime importance important before finally entering the process itself. This negotiation position, regardless you are the seller or the buyer, should be strongly defended by the negotiator during the negotiation process. Practically, the main reason why many people can’t find a good agreement is that each has taken of his own announced position. Your negotiation position is determined by the interests in the

Complex Project Management of Effective Project Management Assignment

Complex Project Management of Effective Project Management - Assignment Example The second main step of approaching complex projects is deeper and involves those projects whose main goal cannot be clearly defined, mainly referred to as the extreme projects. Such a goal is desired although it may not be possible to attain it. As a result of the increasing dynamic conditions in the contemporary project management, it is important for project management and stakeholders to make good choices of the best fit between problem-solution models and the final achievements of the project goals and objectives. Contemporary projects are becoming more uncertain, and with such increasing uncertainty come increased risk and complexity. Such uncertainty is due to changing market conditions that lead to high-change and high-speed responses in order to produce solutions that lead to more competitive advantage. On the other hand, complexity occurs due to a solution that eludes detection and thus, challenging to find, which may impose difficulties to the project manager to develop appropriate responses (Wysocki, 2014). The aspects of uncertainty and complexity are directly and positively correlated and thus, risk increases with increasing uncertainty and complexity. It is in this regard that as projects turn out to be more complex, they are dominated by higher levels of uncertainty. Such increase in project complexity leads to changes in different aspects of the project. Project requirements are a major factor to change due to increasing complexity. As complexity increases in a project, the chance of coming up with the complete definition of its requirements diminishes. At other fundamental levels, the project scope may become complex at later stages, which may raise the need for more requirements. In addition, as the complexity of the project increases, the need for flexibility in the main processes involved also increases. It is through increasing complexity that the need for project stakeholders

Leadership and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Leadership and Change - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that  strong and effective leadership is the vital aspect of HRM required to manage the recent changes. Defining what makes a great leader is not a simple task. Leadership is an exceptionally complex phenomenon: the recent explosion of scholarly literature covering various aspects of leading and managing people is one logical outcome of this complexity. Despite huge amount of books and articles dedicated to the issue, there is still a great deal of ambiguity surrounding the true meaning of effective leadership in contemporary organizational environment.This study stresses that  absence of agreement between the scholars is partially due to different methods utilised to explore the phenomenon. partially due to varied purposes of defining leadership. and partially due to the variations in theoretical approaches. There are several major approaches in leadership studies: leadership as the focus of group processes, as personality attribute, as the art o f inducing compliance, as an exercise of influence, as a particular kind of act or behaviour, as a form of persuasion, as a power relationship, as an instrument of goal achievement, as an emerging effect of group interaction (`leadership exists when it is acknowledged or conferred by other members of the group), as a differentiated role, as the initiation or maintenance of role structure, or as some combination of all these approaches.  ... Despite huge amount of books and articles dedicated to the issue, there is still a great deal of ambiguity surrounding the true meaning of effective leadership in contemporary organizational environment. In psychology the phenomenon of leadership has traditionally been associated with in-group dynamics of social interactions. In any group, regardless of its size, members differ in their degree of social influence over one another: ... the person who exerts the most influence on the rest of the group thus affecting group beliefs and behaviour is usually addressed as leader'' (Hollander, 1985: 14). Although this definition of leadership allows the reader to grasp the essence of leadership, it is only one of the numerous of definitions that have been proposed in the existing literature (Northhouse, 2004). Absence of agreement between the scholars is partially due to different methods utilised to explore the phenomenon. partially due to varied purposes of defining leadership. and partially due to the variations in theoretical approaches. There are several major approaches in leadership studies: leadership as the focus of group processes, as personality attribute, as the art of inducing c ompliance, as an exercise of influence, as a particular kind of act or behaviour, as a form of persuasion, as a power relationship, as an instrument of goal achievement, as an emerging effect of group interaction (leadership exists when it is acknowledged or conferred by other members of the group), as a differentiated role, as the initiation or maintenance of role structure, or as some combination of all these approaches (Bass, 1990: 6-10). These various approaches may be a way of

Gallery review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Gallery review - Essay Example The painting is done oil on canvas. The size of the painting is 18 3/8 inches x 21 Â ¾ inches. The overall work is proportionally correct even though the second lady who is sitting is disproportionate in structure. One cannot find out whether she is sitting on a bed sheet or if she has a comforter on her lap. The two ladies are the focal point in the portrait. The work is balanced as the painter as used dark and light colors both. However, It is noticed that the lady who is wearing the black dress has the dark background whereas the second lady is also wearing a dark dress but the background color is light which makes one wonder whether the colors schemes should be less vibrant in order to have a balanced portrait. The color schemes are vibrant. It is a very colorful image. The artist has used warm colors and tried using contrasting colors that make the characters of the painting stand out in the portrait (Gardini). One of the formal characteristics identified in the painting is that the artist has not emphasized on the hair of the two women. One can only tell that the characters are women while looking at the shape of the dresses. Moreover, the expressions of both the women are not intense. While looking at the portrait, it would be difficult to estimate the mood of the women, which should be an essential part of the painting. However, the vibrant colors are the main attraction of the portrait. The main function of the piece is to represent women in vibrant and colorful colors. It shows two women who may be enjoying a leisure time with each other in a garden or a place where there is beauty and they are thinking or talking to each other

Comparison the methods of the back up in ( Macintosh Apple and Windows Literature review

Comparison the methods of the back up in ( Macintosh Apple and Windows ) - Literature review Example In any computer system, one of the most important aspects is to maintain effective backup. In computer, any kind of threats can damage the important files and valuable resources. Internal factors such as power fluctuations, faults in hard drive and system conflicts among other aspects can endanger the data. Moreover, several external factors such as fire outrage, flood or earthquake can also threaten the valuable data. In traditional times, people usually maintained data on paper and thus, they were only concerned about external threats. Besides, most people also did not make copy of every record, thus the loss was devastating. However, in present days, the data is recorded in a digital format, making it vulnerable to both internal as well as external threats. Nevertheless, the digital information has allowed for simple procedure of data back up in multiple places by using different applications1. According to Vesperman (2002), information in computer is stored in hard disk. Hard disk has moving components and the data in hard disk can wear out sooner or later. Thus, there is a need for maintaining copy of data in other places2. Backup is regarded as the representative copy of data. This copy comprises vital parts of system such as control files and data files. When the original data is lost or corrupted by any external or internal factors, the backup file is used to restore the physical files. In any catastrophic incident, database backup is considered as the prime method to successfully recuperate the data. Furthermore, restoring and recovering data from backup files can be operationally beneficial3. There are a variety of media that can be used for backup such as CDs, DVDs and removable disks among others. The backup media arrives with software which requests for the data users desire to backup. According to Ruggiero & Heckathorn (2012), disk based storage system provides quick backup and restore

Gallery review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Gallery review - Essay Example The painting is done oil on canvas. The size of the painting is 18 3/8 inches x 21 Â ¾ inches. The overall work is proportionally correct even though the second lady who is sitting is disproportionate in structure. One cannot find out whether she is sitting on a bed sheet or if she has a comforter on her lap. The two ladies are the focal point in the portrait. The work is balanced as the painter as used dark and light colors both. However, It is noticed that the lady who is wearing the black dress has the dark background whereas the second lady is also wearing a dark dress but the background color is light which makes one wonder whether the colors schemes should be less vibrant in order to have a balanced portrait. The color schemes are vibrant. It is a very colorful image. The artist has used warm colors and tried using contrasting colors that make the characters of the painting stand out in the portrait (Gardini). One of the formal characteristics identified in the painting is that the artist has not emphasized on the hair of the two women. One can only tell that the characters are women while looking at the shape of the dresses. Moreover, the expressions of both the women are not intense. While looking at the portrait, it would be difficult to estimate the mood of the women, which should be an essential part of the painting. However, the vibrant colors are the main attraction of the portrait. The main function of the piece is to represent women in vibrant and colorful colors. It shows two women who may be enjoying a leisure time with each other in a garden or a place where there is beauty and they are thinking or talking to each other

Terms Modernism and Postmodernism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Terms Modernism and Postmodernism - Essay Example The essay "Terms Modernism and Postmodernism" analyzes modernism and postmodernism and focuses on the theory of Post-Colonialism. There is not a single unanimously agreed definition of modernism and different scholars have defined it differently. Despite the absence of any agreed definition of modernism, all of the definitions of modernism talk about the changes in art, literature, business, and even in the daily lives of individuals because of the industrial revolution and formation of the industrial cities. In academic studies, modernism is a philosophical movement or is a particular perspective of looking at the universe and examining the activities of daily life. Modernism is the movement that shakes off all traditional things including religious belief from individuals’ lives and tries to make everything new. The movement encourages experimentation in every field and, therefore, new perspectives emerge. The effect of the modernism is conspicuous in art and literature as w ell. In literature, the writers reject the traditional method of writing smooth narrative fiction and â€Å"stream of consciousness† emerges as the replacement of the old narrative. The emergence of â€Å"abstract art† and â€Å"diversionist paintings† is the results of modernism. The philosophical movement of modernism starts in late nineteenth and early twentieth century. It is â€Å"a set of ideas†. Post-modernism is also a kind of philosophical movement at the development either scientifically or non- scientifically in every walk of life.

The Changing Nature Of Public Diplomacy Media Essay

The Changing Nature Of Public Diplomacy Media Essay In this study I will attempt to respond to several questions. The first: Is Public Diplomacy is the right tool to change world opinion toward Iraq. If the finding that it will be possible which will lead to the second question which: What the ideal action plan for Iraq Public diplomacy? The third question will be: How can government policy makers apply this strategic tool? Certainly, the initial stages of this process will be complex. The objective of this paper to be presented on later stage as policy proposal for the Iraqi government. The study begins by exploring the concept of PD and why Iraq should consider establishing PD in the foreign ministry, and its impact on Iraq foreign policy. It then and introduces the diverse methods of national reputation building. In doing so, this dissertation suggests to consider a way of understanding international relations, which is foundation of national image building through public diplomacy. Finally, based on the findings of a pilot study and online survey focusing on the national image of Iraq, this study proposes establishing a PD department (PDD) within the foreign ministry and suggestion on how to deploy public with a case study Introduction Motivation Although reputation management has historically been restricted to companies or other organisational entities, countries are also increasingly concerned with their reputation relative to other countries and have started to actively measure and manage that reputation. For an entity to achieve a certain desired reputation outcome, it has to manage as much of its exposure to various target groups. That would mean, for example, steering media coverage by closely supervising what information is made public. Iraqs reputation abroad has dramatically deteriorated. Iraq is the only nation in the Arab world whose new-formed democratic system is constantly being challenged, and constantly been projected as country with no national identity, Iraqi leaders are often compared to Saddam and Iraqi actions against the terrorist and insurgent are often described as politically motivated policies. Conditions in Iraq are often compared with those that existed in Vietnam. Why national reputation matters? National reputation is unquestionably an instrument of power. Managing national reputation and nation-states relationship with stakeholders overseas has been an integral part of foreign-policy making and public diplomacy, national reputation has a direct impact on international relations of a nation and its national policies, ranging from political, economic to cultural (Gilboa, 2006) Yet the Iraqi government has failed to prevent the deterioration of Iraqs image and reputation in the world. The main reason is the lack of awareness and understanding of the critical role PD plays in contemporary international relations. In the information age, national reputation has become a critical asset and soft power has become a major instrument of foreign policy  [1]  . Communication, education and persuasion are the principal techniques of foreign relations, not military force. Even the US, the sole superpower, is slowly learning this hard lesson in the Iraq war. National reputation is what peoples around the world think about a states conduct and behaviour. Therefore, a grand strategy in international conflict requires the integration and application of three fundamental components: force, diplomacy and communication. The last component, communication, may even be the decisive factor Purpose My interest in the area rose from an awareness that the level and volume of coverage on Iraq had grown enormously in the past eight years and as such, my awareness of the subject itself had grown too. After a period of widely reading about and studying PD and analysing Public diplomacy strategy in country like South Africa, Colombia, Denmark and Israel and how those countries where able to improve there image abroad, it was my belief that this area need to be explore for the benefit of new Iraq and that a by writing a dissertation I could carry out may contribute little or nothing to the sheer quantity and wealth of studies, debates and articles that already existed on these topics. By contrast, it was my understanding that Iraq reputation and the foreign audience perception on Iraq in the media was a relatively misrepresented and the area of PD hast been explored and researched by the Iraqi policy makers and as such, it was my belief that if I undertook an examination of the topic I could contribute something on how the national image can be restored. What is more, my growing interest about PD concept, coupled with a doubt bout how Iraq been presented on the media and abroad led me to question various things about why Iraq reputation and national image has been deteriorated abroad  [2]  and why the Iraqi government dont a strategy in restoring the national image. Is what is being reported fact or conjecture? How accurate is people perception on Iraq? The fact that Iraq has been for so much time in the news since the regime change has placed Iraq in the centre of the world map, a privilege most third-world countries will never have. After hitting headlines for years, people know very well what Iraq is and where it is, this pre-existing knowledge is a valuable asset, and as such an asset any PD campaign for Iraq should capitalise on. Are the news and image reported precise and helpful or misleading and distorting? Why does there appear to be more reporting on the effects of war on Iraq than the improvement since the regime change? Why are there so many reports about how hopeless Iraq is becoming and that Iraq cant survive without the support of the US? Objectives These questions, among some more specific ones which I will detail later, are some of the reasons that I began to be interested in the way how PD can help the Iraqi government in communicating with foreign publics in an attempt to bring the foreign public closer to home and educate them about the New Iraq, its nations ideas and ideals, its institutions and culture, as well as its national goals and current policies. My concern was about the level of information people gain from the news then I studied the news and its role as a system of information. As such, the focus of this study, examining how informative the print press was during my chosen sample and the themes that were of predominant focus of debate. The questions I would like to address are: How Iraq been reported and represented in the media; what were the media interests on Iraq? In exploring the core themes and topics in the sample I will be able to distinguish what the public perception and therefore what audiences and policy makers will understand of the messages in the press. By dealing with these questions I will be able to conclude why Iraq government should aggrievedly peruse on forming a PD department at the MFA and that strategy of PD that the department can take to deploy the PD policy and how can be benefited prior to hosting the gulf cup in 2013 Literature Study In this I will be iinvestigating the domain of literature currently available on the fields of Nation image and PD has shown to be rather problematic, with both disciplines being still vastly understudied. While the empirical section of this study deals exclusively with those concepts, there are a few surrounding disciplines which at least fall into the margins of the relevant field and thus should also be discussed Images of Nations One school of thought investigates a concept similar to country reputation, namely the images of nations, or countries. Perhaps the most exhaustive study conducted in this field is the book Images of nations and international public relations by Michael Kunczik written in 1990. Here, Kunczik discusses the idea that the world is a large and complex communication network (1990:17) in which the mass media cannot be treated in isolation. He points out that although practically anything can contribute to forming an image of another nation (Kunczik, 1990:18), there are ways for public relations to remove prejudices between peoples. In the old days one could win over an empire by marrying, today you can win over peoples by a leading article. But according to Kunczik, is because the mass media is continuously feeding people images of nations (1990:20). Another observation he makes (1990:21) is the large amount of money that is fed into international image cultivation. This, according to Kunczik, shows how important governments rate the kind of an image their country, government or policies project abroad. One of the first times the term national public relations was used explicitly was in 1978 when Herzog, Israels ambassador to the United Nations, commented that  ´from the point of view of national public relations the Israeli policy of settling the occupied territories won in wars with the Arabs had done more damage than anything else (Koschowitz 1984 as cited in Kunczik 1990:21). For purposes of this literature study, it is important also to point out the observation Kunczik makes about the then-current state of research in the area of image cultivation by states. According to him, the book published in 1965, International behaviour. A social-psychological analysis by Kelman still ranked the definitive study in that field when Kunczik wrote his work in 1990. After pointing out very few other publications dealing with Image cultivation of nations, Kunczik concludes that Fundamentallyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the literature situation on the subject area addressed here is poor [because] public relations activities tend to be especially successful the less they are recognisable as such. Very often, therefore, scientifically non-serious sources have to be resorted to such as newspaper reports, personal statements etc. (Kunczik, 1990:24). Since this publication, Kunczik has done a number of studies following up on his idea of images of nations, focussing often on the international image of crisis countries. In his most recent study, Images of Nations and Transnational Public Relations of Governments with Special reference to the Kosovo, presented at a symposium in 2004, Kunczik points out in the introduction that the mass medias reality is not factual reality and very often does not correspond to real happenings. Mass media constructs a separate reality. That criteria used to construct this reality are the so called news values. But for the recipients, who have no primary access to most things reported on, this constructed world becomes factual reality. Even in this, Kuncziks latest study, he points out the relationship between news media and images of nations is not well researched. One study that could be particular relevant to the topic of this study was Is the Media Being Fair in Iraq? by The Center for Strategic and International Studies and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology  [i]   In this study it was found that the Iraq image was still suffering under coups and earthquakes style of coverage, and that histographic cultural perceptions continued to affect the trend of international news coverage of Iraq by the foreign press (which include Arabic Media). This study is not only served to provide raw data that to could help to understand how Iraq been portrayed abroad in both Arab and western world. But also to assess the degree to which typical tones of stories might reflect the political agendas of publisher, owners, editors and news anchors and other key media figures. While the above-mentioned study and those laying the ground-work of images of nations appear to provide a foundation to a dissertation on Will PD fix Iraq reputation can, it is of crucial importance to highlight that the theory to be followed is that of country reputation, not images of a country. While the two concepts of reputation and image are often confused as having the same meaning, they are in fact two distinguishable terms whose differences should be realised. Image versus Reputation Reputation, as opposed to image, is seen as a strategic concept developed around long-term impressions of an organisation built around a number of corporate images and actions (Fombrun Shanley, 1990). Already then, the idea crystallised that there was a difference between the two concepts: while images were regarded as having a stationary nature, reputations were seen as dynamic. In their recent book Reputation in Artificial Societies: Social Beliefs for Social Order, Conte and Paolucci develop the core of their reputation theory upon this difference between image and reputation. The authors point out that reputation cannot be seen as a static attribute, rigidly codified as footprints of social hierarchy. Reputation rather consists of dynamic properties because reputation attribution is a mental process that takes place within communication processes. According to the authors, image is conceived as a set of evaluative beliefs about a given target and reputation as the process and effect of transmission of the image. Image is seen as an evaluative belief and is said to be a static system, while reputation is a meta belief that carries no reference to the acceptance of established beliefs (Conte Paolucci, 2002). Public Relation The public relations practice also sees vast differences between Image and Reputation two misunderstood siblings that need better management (PR influences, 2003). While image on the one hand is built, costs money, is fast and opportunistic, reputation is earned, is an asset, is careful and industrious. In the words of Brown in A Sound Reputation, Reputationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦is a dynamic, not static, quality; it changes as individual opinions change. And there are two drivers of opinion change direct experience and indirect experience (2005:1). Brown also points out that the most common form of indirect experience is media coverage, which is an important finding for this study (2003:1). In a paper titled Reputation and the Corporate Brand (Argenti Druckenmiller, 2004:369), image is defined as a reflection of an organisations identity and its corporate brand, or more specifically, the organisation as seen from one stakeholder groups point of view. Depending on which stakeholder is involved, an organisation can have many different images. Reputation, on the other hand, is defined in that study as the collective representation of multiple constituencies [stakeholder groups] images of a company, built up over time and based on a companys identity programmes, its performance and how constituencies have perceived its behaviour. In short, images are seen as multiple, stationary reflections of an organisations identity and its corporate brands while reputation is the dynamic, collective representation of the various images of a corporation as perceived by different stakeholders. While an image is a fixed set of beliefs about a corporation, reputation changes as individual opinions change. Considering the large body of literature that highlights the differences between image and reputation, it is indeed questionable if the studies that fall under images of nations are in fact relevant to a study on Iraq reputation. While image, as the above definitions point out, is indeed a part of reputation, it is not reputation per se. ` Most literature dealing explicitly with the concepts of country reputation measurement and management today, are derived from the school of corporate reputation measurement and management, however, I will be only discussing the country reputation which relevant to this study should next be discussed. Country Reputation Country Reputation Management Already in 1999, Olins compiled a pamphlet titled Trading Identities: Why Countries and Companies are becoming more alike. Here, Olins puts forward the idea: As countries develop their national brands to compete for investment, trade and tourism, mega-merged global companies are using nation-building techniques to achieve internal cohesion across cultures and are becoming ever more involved in providing public services like education and health (1999:1). Pharoah writes in Building and Managing Reputation for Countries that Countries are increasingly realising that reputation matters and if reputation matters, then reputation needs to be managed. According to Pharoah, the governments of today are Increasingly becoming the brand managers of their country (Pharoah, 2004:1). These findings lead to the idea that instruments used to manage and measure companies could be argued to apply to countries as well. Country Reputation Measurement Applying reputation measurement theories to countries was adopted on through a research survey which was conducted by The Media Tenor on behalf of the South African government, with the results being published in 2000. The studys mission  [ii]  was to establish a framework for South Africa to effectively manage its Public diplomacy and its vision to To further strengthen confidence in South Africas ability to host a successful FIFA 2010 World Cup In cooperation with International marketing council (IMC),  [iii]  developed a tool according to which South Africa reputation was measured and the findings used to devise a framework for the active management of South Africas reputation and perception prior to the world cup 2010. The tool applied was an adapted version of Media Tenor used to measure the media coverage for ogranisations and countries. The method is composed of opinion leading media, along this method, a Analysis of all texts in opinion leading media  then questionnaire was designed, using Media Tenor reputation, measuring foreign public perceptions of South Africa and its competitive set, the same questionnaire was used to determine the perception of South Africa residents. That allowed the researchers to identify the similarity between internal and external perceptions of the country, or, between identity and reputation. This allowed the team to make recommendations about South Africa future reputation management efforts. The results of the study assisted the IMC team with their communication plan on how to further strengthen confidence in South Africas ability to host a successful FIFA 2010 World Cup. This approach and the instrument developed could be used for the reputation measurement o f any country They did however, highlight that in order to validate this, further research and more comparable studies would be needed. According to the authors, that tool allows governments to gain insights into which aspects in the perception of the general public drive the overall reputation of their country and how can we improved, what are the tools that can implemented, one of the method that south Africa launched was their Brand South Africa program, which also was part of the PD strategy towards improving the foreign public perception. The core of the Brand South Africa is a three-step framework whereby the first step incorporates a diagnosis of the current state of the countrys reputation, the second designing a future state thereof and thirdly managing the PD strategy.

For Whom The Bell Tolls :: essays research papers

The Disillusionment of Hemingway with War Hemingway uses certain repetitive themes and ideas in his book, For Whom the Bell Tolls, which relate to the grander dogma that he is trying to teach. By using these reoccurring ideas, he is able to make clear his views on certain issues and make the reader understand his thoughts. The most notable of this reoccurring theme is that of war. Hemingway uses the war concept as paradoxical irony in this book, to tell the reader what the thinks about war. It is even more interesting to note that rather than this theme being derived from this war theme, the book is derived from this main theme.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hemingway emphasized the fallacy of war by discussing how there are no real winners in war, that war is equal. What goes around comes around. That whereas one man may kill another, another man will come to kill the first man and so on, in a never-ending cycle of stupidity and futility. The setting of this book can be analyzed here; the Spanish Civil War in the 1920-30 time period is the setting for the book, on the battlefields in the Spanish countryside. The whole fascist/communist aspect is brought up since both sides are against one another. Here again, Hemingway doesn’t idealize either side, not referring to their political beliefs but to the fact that each side is very much the same. Both sides consist of sad, depressed fools who have been shipped off to war, content to live in peace and harmony with each other. It is here that Hemingway’s first satirical punch at war comes in, when he makes it clear that both sides are human, with no clear line separating the saints from the sinners.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another thing that is connected to the war concept is that both sides are hopelessly disillusioned. A victory for any army is not truly a victory if it involves the loss of human life, and Hemingway seems to imply this as he pokes fun at the ongoings of the war. Atrocities are committed by otherwise compassionate, peaceful people since they are forced to do so by their respective sides. The author also satirizes the â€Å"illusion† that people have of war being glorious, heroic, etc., saying that even a victory is a defeat since so many lie dead in an effort to get that victory. He says that war is not all that, that war is in fact legalized murder, that has no place in human life.

Islam Essay -- essays research papers

2000 Islam and Love Love is an important aspect of Islam. In the Sufi Path of Love, written by Rumi, Love is the central theme. Rumi speaks alot about love and its branches and ramifications. According to Rumi, Love ddominateds most of the Sufi way of life. In a translation of Sufi Path of Love written by William C. Chittuck, Sufi says: "No matter what I say to explain and elucidate Love, shame overcomes me when I come to Love itself. Love cannot be contained within our speaking or listening/ Love is an ocean whose depths cannot be plumbed.... Love cannot be found in erudition and science, books and pages. Whatever is duscussed by people- That is not the way of lovers. Whatever you have said or heard is the shell; The kernel of Love is a mystery that cannot be divulged." Chittuck's translation of this is that Love cannot be explained in words but that it must be felt to be understood. There is not possible way that you can tell someone what love is or write it down to someone so the person may understand. To Rumi, If love isn't felt, then the person will not truly know what love is. To understand the Islamic conception of Love, you must know the Koran's defenition of the term. The Prophet Muhammad once said, "God is beautiful, and He loves beauty." It can be also defined like this: "If something is beautiful, it is worthy of love." In the Vision Of Islam, it says that that whenever God is said to love something, the object of his love are hu...

Choosing Freedom Over Limitation Essay

Each and everyday, what I can watch from the news reports nowadays are all about crime, crime and all crime. Our society is already filled with human being’s dark sides and that is what is continuously being unleashed. What I wanted to say is that we need to have effective ways to help our world to leave its bad ways. The role of the government in the society is to enforce what is right and limit the wrong doings. But as what I can observe, the more the government limits its people, the more the people do terrible things. An example of that I have read that shows this example is the Martial Law brought down onto the Philippines in the early 1970s. Yes, at the beginning, the people follows the government because of the forced limitation but after years had passed, people revolted because they cannot take any longer what the government is doing to the people. It is not always that forced limitation becomes effective to ruling people everytime. There will be a point in time, when someone limits another person and doesn’t give him his freedom it will show its annoyance about that because what was taken away from him is his freedom. We must let the people do what they wanted to do. But we can let them as long as they don’t do anything that will go against the rules. It is like when you are holding a handful of sand. When you just hold it with your palm up, nothing happens. But at the time when you squeeze your palms against the sand, the sand breaks off your hand, violently, like it’s trying to get away. And also just what Saint Augustine has said, evil only exists on something good. There is not really an opposing force to everything good done of every people. So we must leave the responsibility of being good to the people and limitation might do just less. Although we know that there is a big and bad possibility that we choose freedom rather than limitation for people, that people will just abuse it, it is still the people’s responsibility of what they are doing. When they do bad things, then, punish them. It doesn’t mean that when there is freedom, it’s only freedom ruling over the people. Of course there must be someone or some group that looks over people’s safety because what will be the use of freedom if all the people are just killing each other or stealing things? But of course it is also up to the people what they wanted and what they think that is better for them. Freedom or limitation? That is why there different forms of government all over different countries in the world. Some countries prefer a democratic form of government because they wanted freedom of speech. Others wanted communism because they feel safer through the government’s protection. And there are many other forms of government that people together take as a choice. The government has the full responsibility of its own peoples’ sake. It must provide them enough protection that can ensure that the people will not be harmed and perhaps will not harm. That is why, law enforcement was developed. It is being continuously improved to watch out everything regarding the society’s peace and order. And also, this provides an invisible shield that also helps protect without taking away freedom. A very powerful tool that human kind created that manages civilizations. The question that I have answered is that whether or not I think freedom is better than forced limitation. For me, the question should not be limited in the choice between freedom and limitation. Yes, we can choose freedom, and also, we can choose limitation. But we must remember that anytime the two can exist together at the same time, just with the right amount of both things.

Macbeth Moral Decay Essay

Soliloquy, or the act of speaking one’s thoughts aloud, is the subject to which this question is being answered. In Acts 1 to 3 of Macbeth, the character Macbeth speaks of three particular soliloquy’s in which his moral and nature both move from a high ranking position into a continually falling characteristic of heroic decay. In Act 1 scene 7 Macbeth highlights, in his first soliloquy, the issues of committing the crime of murder and how it teaches others to act as criminals and to break out in violence, which then comes back to plague oneself. Macbeth is also sympathetic when he speaks of the king, saying he is a humble leader and that the king even trusts him. â€Å"First, as I am his kinsman and his subject, strong both against the deed; then as his host, who should against his murderer shut the door, not bear the knife myself† (1.7.13-16). Here Macbeth is saying that he is the kings kinsmen and host and that it is his job to protect him, as well as closing the door on the murderer trying to get to the king, not to be the murderer himself. Macbeth ends this soliloquy with a statement that gives a hint to his future ever-growing cruel self. He says, â€Å"Upon the sightless couriers of the air, shall blow the horrid deed in every eye, that tears shall drown the wind† (1.7.23-24). Macbeth foreshadows his future deed and even states that the people will be overwhelmed in sorrow over Duncan’s death. In Macbeth’s second soliloquy in Act 2 scene 1, he specifically says, â€Å"Thou marshall’st me the way that I was going, and such an instrument I was to use,† meaning that the imaginary dagger of which he speaks of is motivating and leading him to commit the crime of which he was planning, but was weary, to do (2.1.42-43). In this act, Macbeth talks to an image of a dagger that is a hallucination of his mind. The dagger may be symbolic of his own self, in which he says â€Å"And on thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood, which was not so before,† concluding that Macbeth was once clean but is now becoming more and more infected by his dark and dirty deeds, much like the dagger was once clean but is now dotted with blood (2.1.46-47). Macbeth also hears a bell ring which inspires him to take off and find Duncan before his courage wears off. In Act 3 scene 1 Macbeth’s third soliloquy highlights the fear he has of Banquo because of his intelligence and nobility. One can see the dramatic change of Macbeth’s character from the first soliloquy to the third soliloquy as he now has become greedy and jealous. Macbeth believes that he has worked hard and committed a crime for nothing since the throne will be passed on to Banquo’s sons instead of to his own descendants. Macbeth states, â€Å"Put rancors in the vessels of my peace only for them,† saying that he has ruined his own peace for the benefit of Banquo and his sons (3.1.67-68). Ultimately, there is a major change in Macbeth’s moral from the first act to the third. Macbeth’s motivation at first was solely by ambition, then it was anxiety and paranoia of committing the actual crime, and finally in his last soliloquy Macbeth became greedy and unsatisfied once he had power and control of the throne. Macbeth thought he would be much more gratified with having the power of the king then he actually was in the end. He then begins to second-guess his deeds and starts to become neurotic from the paranoia of over thinking and over-analyzing the whole situation. Macbeth’s moral decay resulted from his unconscious madness that drove him to commit many murders.

Anti-Communism in America

– Analyse the impact of anti-communism in the USA from the late 1940’s to 1953 and the impact this had on tensions between the superpowers during this time. In the years between 1940 and 1953 the capitalist nations of the world such as USA became very concerned about the communist ideologies and its possible spread in the world. As a result, the ideological war period known as the â€Å"Cold War† was developed. With the end of World War II, the USA emerged with a renewed sense of confidence as they believed that their role in the Allie alliance was a key factor when defeating their enemy powers.It was not long, however, before ironically, this alliance between USA and USSR would be the cause for rising tensions in the world. It can be suggested that the rise of Cold War tensions led to the Anti-communist policy being being developed in the USA which not only impacted its own country but also renewed Cold War tensions. This is evident when examining McCarthyism, t he Witch-Hunts and Trials, and the Propaganda campaign. The US historical period known as â€Å"McCarthyism† began long before Joseph McCarthy’s own involvement.There were many factors that contributed to its beginning including; the increased membership in the â€Å"Communist Party of the United States† during the late 1930’s and early 1940’s along with Soviets establishing communist regimes across Central and Eastern Europe. Later USA was concerned with Soviet espionage inside government institutions, and at the same time politicians were slowing down social reforms or criticizing President’s arguing they had been influenced by communism. (R) This practice of making accusations of disloyalty, subversion, or treason without proper regard for evidence was later known as, McCarthyism.Joseph McCarthy’s own involvement began with a speech he made: â€Å"I have here in my hand in my hand a list of 205 – a list of names that were m ade known to the Secretary of State as being members of the Communist Party and who nevertheless are still working and shaping policy in the State Department. (McCarthy, ). (R) As a result of McCarthyism there were many Anti-communist committees, as well as private agencies, carrying out investigations about possible communists in the USA.Furthermore the federal government, under Harry Truman’s administration with the help of FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover initiated a program of Loyalty Review for Federal Employees, with the aim of determining if government employees were disloyal to the government. (R) Hoover’s extreme sense of communist threat and numerous illegal practices including burglaries, opening mail and illegal wiretaps, resulted in thousands of government workers losing their jobs after unfair accusations or sometimes even without having any process. R) Among these victims was, Robert Oppenheimer, scientific director of the Manhattan Project who built the fir st atomic bomb. Historian Ellen Schrecker has written; â€Å"in this country, McCarthyism did more damage to the constitution than the American Communist Party ever did†. (R) It was later proved that Soviet espionage did exist in the USA, but besides that fact it can be suggested that the American government could possibly had a greater threat of danger in order to react in such an extreme way, which created divisions still present in the USA.The House Committee on Un-American Activities(HUAC) was perhaps the most involved in Anti-communist investigations government committee. Earlier, this committee had investigated a number of activities including German-American Nazis during World War II, and later focused on communism, investigating an espionage case against Alger Hiss, American politician accused of perjury, in 1948. It was not until 1947 that HUAC achieved its greatest fame with the investigations into the Hollywood film industry.These investigations involved screenwrit ers, directors, and other professionals in testifying about their known, or suspected membership in the Communist Party, within its members, or support of its beliefs. The â€Å"Hollywood Ten†, as it was known, was a group of people formed by the first ten film industry witnesses that decided not to cooperate, and instead cited the First Amendment’s, which guaranteed freedom in speech and beliefs, but failed and were sentenced to prison (R).Later victims had the option of either being informants, and thus, give names of communist sympathizers or going to prison if refused to cooperate (R). On November25 of 1947, Eric Johnston, President of the Motion Picture Association of America published the â€Å"Waldorf Statement†, which announced the firing of the Hollywood Ten, and stated they would not employ any communist or member of a party which advocates to overthrow the government (R). This generated a †Hollywood Blacklist†, through which over 300 actor s, authors and directors were denied to work in the film industry.Those actions taken by the government not only placed USA’s famous â€Å"freedom† in question and showed an excessive use of power until the point that citizen’s rights were constantly violated but also created an atmosphere of fear and suspicion, which sometimes resulted in hysteria. These extreme measures led to a great division in the country that is still present these days. Distribution of Anti-communism propaganda was, without a doubt, one of the most successful measures taken by the USA government during this period of time. [email  protected] edu. au

South Koreas Economic Indicators and Recent Growth Rate Assignment

South Koreas Economic Indicators and Recent Growth Rate - Assignment Example The growth theory places emphasis on increasing government expenditure, net exports (exports-imports) and investments which are obtained from savings. South Korea’s GDP growth levels can be traced to its increase in export levels, investment levels, and government expenditure. Therefore, the growth theory matches quite well with the economic development and growth in South Korea and its contributing factors-investment, exports and government expenditure. Rapid growth levels coincide with extensive government interventions on the economy. Economic and political policies were geared towards a free capitalistic economy with little government interference except in adjusting externalities resulting from the market failure. The political structure was also adjusted in order to support a capitalistic economy. Investment in human capital refers to investing in nutrition and health, schools and higher education, investment in children, migration, fertility rates, infant mortality rates and maternal healthcare. For example, by analyzing the infant mortality rates or literacy levels of the population, there is a clear positive correlation between an increase in the levels of literacy and infant mortality and an increase in GDP. Investing in children is particularly crucial for long-term economic growth and development of any country. Investment in human capital plays an integral role in any country’s economic growth and development. From the data, it is easy to identify the correlation between GDP and initial human and physical capital. Therefore, countries with greater human capital have greater economic growth Ceteris Paribas. The high human and physical capital levels determine the productivity levels of South Korea.

Harvard style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Harvard style - Essay Example These people are not involved in teaching, which is the main service of the education institution, but instead they look after administration, maintenance and provide services to main employees such as teachers etc. From my research, I can conclude that any educational institution would require personnel in the following support areas. A library is a necessity of any organization and I have found that hiring the librarian or library assistant is one of the most important jobs in colleges and other educational institutions. It is considered as a support job, because the purpose of education institutions is not to provide books to the students, but to impart education. Hence, this will be considered as a support job. The other area where support staff is required is the maintenance. There are plenty of support jobs available in maintenance. Here a cleaner, a janitor and a technician will be need for the cleanliness of the building and in order to make sure that all the electrical equipments such as projectors work well. Many colleges and universities are opening up on-campus finance offices. As a result of this, a number of support jobs have become available. A cashiers, finance head and finance assistance have also become common support jobs. These are some of the support jobs that many universities and colleges are hiring these days and have become common in the job market. In accordance to our need, I will try to fill some of the vacant jobs in our university, to make sure that we run with complete efficiency. (Job Rapido, 2010) The project plan that I am going to use in order to make the functioning of my university more effective, I will create a project plan for project control and successful implementation. Some people argue that excellence in execution is perhaps the most important part of any project. On the contrary, I believe that project control is equally as important in order to make sure

Managing Across Organizational & Cultural Boundaries Essay - 1

Managing Across Organizational & Cultural Boundaries - Essay Example inancially starved due to the fact that they offer services to the general public at subsidized rates which at times will not be able to foot the maintenance cost of the facilities, thus they are forced to either request for grants or financial aid from government agencies to enable them rum their daily services undisturbed (Di Dimenico, 2011). Thus, private entities will be invited to collaborate with the public health facilities to ensure there are sufficient funds for running the facilities and catering for all the inherent expenses to ensure continuity of service delivery. Most public health facilities will be prone to offering substandard health services as a result of poor management and also lack of funds to initiate efficiency in service delivery. Thus, public-private partnership will ensure a considerable improvement in efficiency at the facilities in terms of service provision and also better management. Finally, the basis of collaborative advantage is enhanced service quality to the clients. The experience that clients of the facility are going to enjoy after the collaboration will incredibly improve as increased staff expertise will be injected into the institution as well as better and advanced technology will be employed to give the clients a satisfying experience (Lane, 2009). The main basis for public-private partnership and collaboration can be mainly categorized into three as explained below. Contracting out is the first category under the public private partnership. Contracting comes in a number of ways including; service, management, construction, maintenance, and equipment contracts. The main idea behind contracting out is outsourcing public functions to the private sector to enhance quality and service delivery thus leveraging a comparative advantage from the private sector (Di Dimenico., 2011). The private sector is all time believed to be a better performer in both management and service delivery as opposed to the public where

Population control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Population control - Essay Example Theological reasons are also given birth control. But birth control is extremely necessary for sustainable long term growth of the world. It is not possible for the world to absorb great population pressure. The resources available are limited and they will deplete sooner or later. Also it is evident from highly populated countries what problems population increase can cause. In this essay we will give arguments in favor of population control. Arguments presented by the other side will also be put under scrutiny. After a thorough analysis it will be established that population control is essential for survival and prosperity. Population Control is Must The most obvious reason why population control should be advocated is that the natural resources of this world are limited. Water, land and minerals will not continue to serve this world for eternity. These resources and limited and increase in population will put more and more pressure on these natural reserves. We should fear the day when these reserves will end. What the world do that day? It is also important to understand that growth should be sustainable and should not be at the expense of nature (Tan, Wu-Meng, 2000). Also human made things like schools and hospitals are not growing at a great pace. With an upward population pressure these institutions will soon be not enough for the population. This will be the case all over the world if population control is opposed globally. The problems of population are evident in highly populated countries like India where poverty is very high (Tully, M. 2004). Children do not get education and food just because there are too many children. Parents cannot bear the burden of these children. These problems accompany when there is an increase in population. Another reason why population control is essential is that increasing demand hikes the prices up and then only some factions of population are able to afford goods. This can be seen in oil and food products. A decreas e in population will cause prices of these valuable commodities to go down. These commodities will also be then available for everyone. Population increase is directly responsible for increase in poverty. People who lack knowledge have a large number of kids and then they cannot support them with their income. Then their children also grow up and do the same. In this way generations and generations fall into the pitfalls of poverty and hunger. Education is not ubiquitous in developing countries and this is why population is increasing rapidly. Small families are also easy to manage. Parents can give time to their children when they have a small family. Children require attention and their up brining is mostly in the hand of parents. A lot of children can therefore reduce the time each child gets from parents. This is another reason why small families are advisable. In such a fast moving world time is valuable and parents will only be able to give sufficient time to their children if and only if they have small families. Population control can also increase the participation of women in workforce. Fewer children will mean that women will have more time to work and in this way productivity of the economy can be increased. More children will mean more time and energy on the part of mother and this will directly result in reduction of her productivity. Productivity of women should be increased because it will allow the economies of countries to expand. This can be achieved by

Google Inc Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Google Inc Case Study - Essay Example The growth in Google had been witnessed on basing the CPC bids against the duration of actual CTR (Click-through rate) (Edelman and Eisenmann 3). The provision developed the system to accord Google the ability to present the most relevant ads a higher stature as compared to the least influential ads. Google managed to increase the revenues with the system that saw the company contain ads with high CPC bid against a decreased CTR that presented minimal revenue. Furthermore, as compared to Overture, the company did not conduct marketing campaigns that saw an increased 24.5 million user group attracting leading companies like AOL (Edelman and Eisenmann 3). The network also attracted advertisers with the presentation of advance search traffic with minimal CPC bids. Google had to articulate other advertisement measures because the online ad campaigns would grow less popular with the increasing complains from the customers. These measures were also susceptible to hackers as compared to traditional media that offered more security. Furthermore, the company needed to establish its dominance in the market through the acquisition of capital ventures like YouTube in 2006. Through the introduction of the added channels, Google boasted of an increased user group surfacing competition from other leading companies like Yahoo. To maintain the witnessed growth, Google should retain the focus on the line of operation and advance the search solutions via targeted advertising. The expansion in advertising would utilize added methods in advertising beyond the World Wide Web. These are realized in print, mobile, and other traditional advertising measures. Google should also focus on expanding into a full portal as depicted by rival companies in Yahoo and MSN.