A Study on Internet Marketing Strategies Essay

A study on online marketing strategies used by new media entrepreneurs in India. S. Vivin RichardMs. Sri Jothi M. Sc Electronic Media,Lecturer Department of Media Sciences Department of Media Sciences College of Engineering,College of Engineering Anna University, Guindy. Anna University, Chennai Abstract: This research investigates the characteristics of online marketing strategies used by new media Entrepreneurs. This research helps to understand the nature and extent of business strategies used by successful online Entrepreneurs. Nowadays, most people prefer to get first-hand information from the internet. Being a terrific medium of communication, internet not only helps people to stay informed but gives them a fair idea about the consumer market as well. Hence, it is important to analyze and utilize the power of internet technology in the best possible manner. The need is to analyze and research needs of customers who come online to satisfy their wants. 1. 2. Introduction: Internet is primarily a source of communication, information and entertainment, but increasingly, it also acts as a vehicle for commercial transactions. Since the explosion of the web as a business medium, one of its primary uses has been for marketing. Soon, the web could become a critical distribution channel for the majority of successful enterprises. (Thompson 2002) In online world, companies try their best to make their products much more physically good that actually becomes the possession of life of a customer. The concentration of internet marketing is giving a similar experience to a customer ad help him/her to get the utmost satisfaction. Internet is a large repository of information, ever expanding database and a true knowledge hub. The impact of internet over people has grown over a period of time and people started trusting internet and they bank over the internet for major activities, be it personal, official and business related. Therefore this presents the perfect scenario for the entrepreneurs to market their products across the globe, to a large customer base that their sales force cannot even dream of identifying. Getting on the wings of internet technologies, organizations can easily enhance their overall worth by reaching to new heights of success. Online companies can engage in fruitful marketing activities by using effective new media marketing strategies to boost their product offering in the online market. 1. 1 Online marketing: Advertising in internet provides a major contribution to brand competition in the market. Advertising here not only provides information about a product or service but also promotes innovation. Besides it also facilitates consumer satisfaction. Big and small companies, individuals of all walks of life, major and minor events, concepts, etc. , nowadays lay their base on online marketing to get recognized in the market (Zarrella, 2010). When eBay was started, it was just a hobby, an experiment to see if people could use the Internet to be empowered through access to an efficient market. It was really about helping people connect around a sphere of interest so they could do business. † (Pierre Omidyar, eBay) 1. 2 Aim and Objective * To study the new media marketing strategies used by dotcom Entrepreneurs in India and to determine the most effective practices for the same. To study the dotcom entrepreneurs and their strategies in India. * To analyze the new media marketing strategies used by dotcom entrepreneurs. To identify the different marketing strategies of business enterprises using new media technology. * To determine the effectiveness of new media marketing. 3. Literature Review Scott (2009) states the reasons for brand promoters preferring online web for marketing is that the tools, techniques and content are constantly evolving. The buyers reward creativity by responding to the online efforts like: â€Å"If you are open to trying out new things, you can be first in your industry to use something new to communicate to your buyers†. The rules of marketing had to change and the web has proved a catalyst in bringing the changes forward and amplifying their scale. The sudden emergence of the Web 2. 0 marketing techniques demand additional approaches, while most marketers are still wrestling with the first generation, savvy brands are exploring the landscape that social media and social networks create for marketers. These techniques are allowing much deeper drivers in social change to be unleashed, with a profound impact on planning customer connections. The new generation of relationship marketing responds to the additional challenges of digital media literacy and in the right hands can trigger a rebuild of the entire marketing mix through different strategies. Relationship marketing for the Face book generation demands both thinking and acting differently (Chaffey 2003). Stroud (2007) says that the ability of social networking sites to generate these huge volumes of web traffic is proof of their huge popularity. Google, Yahoo and News International have bought themselves a presence in the social networking arena. The detailed rationale for these acquisitions differs but all have a common theme of wanting access to the enormous audiences. Visitors to online websties as well as social networking sites are significantly more likely than average to visit leisure-oriented retail site categories, such as music, jewelry/luxury goods/ accessories, consumer electronics and apparel. People typically enjoy sharing their experiences with these products, whether it is to talk about their new iPhone or the pair of designer jeans they just bought. Social networking sites offer the venue for those conversations to occur. Online media advertising is ideal for promoting brand recognition. Still, there is no doubt that advertising via online media sites is an effective way to increase your overall revenue stream (Brinlee, 2007). 3. 1 Research Methodology To analyze and find the effective use of online marketing strategy in developing a business online, and to find the effective marketing strategy used online by online Entrepreneurs. Communication was done with the survey method and content analysis in the research. Methods of Data Collection: The survey method helped in finding out the reach of the websites with their advertisements and marketing strategies which they use online to promote their business, and the ways of impact of the online marketing strategies. And the content analysis is another method used to analyse the different kind of communication strategy and marketing strategy used by the online entrepreneurs with certain parameters among the top 10 online e-commerce websites. 3. 1. 2 Research Design: This research study adopted survey and content analysis in order to find the effectiveness and the impact of the marketing strategies used in branding any product or the service among the target market through Flipkart. com, Futurebazaar. com and Naaptol. com with respect to international market group Amazon. com and ebay. in. 3. 2 Survey: Survey was conducted randomly among young adults community, by sending questionnaire through online to collect the individual opinion from the respondents. 3. 2. 1 Sampling Method Non probability sampling was used to collect the opinion from the online respondents. Purposive sampling method in non probability sampling was used to get the results. Questionnaire is used as a tool and online media is being planned to be taken as the medium of the findings. The total population is online media user community, but to collect the effective data the sampling is constrained to the target population like young adults, graduates within the age of 16 years to 40 years.

Twiga Cement

TWIGA CEMENT Twiga cement is a company of Tanzania that manufactures Portland cement. The company’s objective is manufacturing, selling and distribution of high quality construction cement in Tanzania. Today the company remains the market leader in the cement industry in Tanzania. Twiga cement is produced in grades of Twiga Ordinary and Twiga Extra. The company’s marketing environment consists of forces outside marketing that affect marketing management’s ability to build and maintain successful relationships with target customers.Twiga cement’s marketing environment is made up of micro environment and macro environment. The micro environment consists of other actors close to the company that combine to form the company’s value delivery network. The forces include internal environment, marketing intermediaries, competition, suppliers, publics and the customers. The company’s internal environment consists of several departments and management levels as it influences marketing decision making.The marketing intermediaries which help the company to promote, sell, and distribute products to final buyers also affect the marketing decision making. They include resellers, physical distribution firms, marketing service agencies and financial intermediaries. All these work together in order to create customer value for the products produced. The company also faces stiff competition from competitors. The competitors tend to produce similar goods at a low cost making the company to take decisions in order to keep customers. Some of the competitors include Mbeya cement and Tanga cement companies.The company’s suppliers also play a big part in the marketing environment. The company’s marketing managers usually watch supply availability and costs which helps them in decision making. The resources needed for manufacturing are usually available and obtained at a low cost which increases the sales in the short run and creat es customer satisfaction in the long run. The company’s marketing environment also includes various publics which have an actual or potential interest in or impact on the company’s ability to achieve it’s objectives.The various publics include financial publics, media publics, government publics, local publics, general publics, and many others. For example the financial publics enable the company to obtain funds in order to run the production process as a result creating customer satisfaction. The company’s marketing environment also includes the customers. Customers are the most important actors in the company’s marketing environment. The aim of the entire value delivery system of the company is to serve target customers and create strong relationships with them.The company targets different types of customer markets which include consumer markets that is individuals and households, business markets that is buy goods for further processing, resell er markets that is buy the cement to resell at a profit, others include government markets and international markets. The company’s macro environment consists of larger societal forces that affect the entire micro environment. The company’s macro environment consists of; Demographic environment which is the study of human population in terms of size, density, location, age, gender, occupation, and other statistics.The demographic environment is of major interest to marketers of the company because it involves people and it’s the people that make up the market. There has been an increase on the sales due to rapid population growth and an increase on the market share for the goods produced by the company. The economic environment consists of factors that affect consumer purchasing power and spending patterns. The economic environment offers both opportunities and threats for the company enabling it to take decisions accordingly.Natural environment involves the nat ural resources that are needed as inputs by marketers or that are affected by marketing activities. The company faces several trends in the natural environment which include shortage of raw materials, increased pollution and increased government intervention. The other factors that affect the marketing environment include the technological environment, political and social environment, and cultural environment.

Cohorting Colonized Low Risk Patients with MRSA and Using Universal Research Proposal

Cohorting Colonized Low Risk Patients with MRSA and Using Universal Precautions will Increase Patient Satisfaction, Improve pati - Research Proposal Example Since the aim is to cut-down the running costs of hospitals by implementation of newer method, the collection of cost-related data from hospital authorities to make comparisons is also part of this study. B. Study population i. Setting The best possible avenue for this study could be a general hospital, as the availability of multiple specialties provides an opportunity to work in a coordinated manner with all specialties who can possibly contribute to this study. A hospital with a Department of Infectious Disease will be preferred for this study. As the Department of Infectious Disease works with nearly all other departments of the hospital, its position is central in contributing not only to the hospital but also to this study. Presence of an isolation ward is mandatory for this study, due to the fact that MRSA infected cases are the subjects of this study, and they require isolation. In addition to this, a reasonable turnover of patients is also expected to be the norm of the sele cted hospital. The reason for this is the fact that, the higher the number of subjects enrolled for this study, the better will be the results. ii. Subject selection Various specialties of hospital will be informed about the ongoing study. They will be requested to report to the Infectious Disease Department, the presence of suspected cases of MRSA. These cases will then be evaluated in order to make sure they are suitable candidates for this study. A total of twenty patients will be selected from those who are being treated under contact isolation while another twenty will be selected from among those who are receiving universal precautions. Patients who are unable to communicate verbally will not be selected as subjects for this study, as this study also involves interviewing the subjects to assess their wellbeing. Mentally ill patients or children under the age of 13 will also be excluded from this study. iii. Subject recruitment strategy The subjects will be recruited from the h ospital. A clear-cut written guideline/checklist will be provided to the assisting hospital staff for the purpose of selection of candidates. Assistance will be sought from the hospital management and the hospital staff, especially doctors and nurses, who will help to identify the patients who fit the profile for the purpose of this research. Gaining assistance from hospital staff will also decrease our study cost, as the hospitals staff is often well aware of their patients’ conditions and the need to test them again for being suitable for the study-under-consideration will not exist. Willingness of patients to become part of this study will be sought after explaining to them the importance of this study, and how they can contribute to the overall wellbeing of humanity by being part of this study. The consent of each patient will be gained after explaining the purpose and scope of the study. C. Study variables i. Independent variables The independent variables for this study will include the frequency of use of universal procedures compared with the frequency of use of gloves and gowns byhospital staff in the course of their interaction with MRSA patients. These variables will help to determine the incidence of infections transmitted from MRSA patients under study to other patients and staff members in the hospital.It will include the instances where

Statistical Tools in Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Statistical Tools in Research - Essay Example A t-test is a statistical tool that can help evaluate the average results between two independent groups (statsoft.com). In this case, the independent groups are the proposed and reported methods. The means of the two methods were compared to determine the values for the t-test (fao.org). The t-test values with their respective n degrees of freedom were determined using the Student’s t-test table, and the researchers were able to provide evidence that the proposed and reported methods are similar. The F-test is a ratio of the variances and measures the similarity of the results obtained using two different methods (fao.org). Given the F-value for then degrees of freedom, the authors were able to establish that their proposed method is similar to the reported method. The accuracy of the method, expressed as % Recovery, was also measured. The recovery, in terms of percentage, is a ratio of the actual result and the theoretical value in the study (Narayana and Sunil, 207 – 208). The study conducted by Ward et al. (696-698) also used the mean and SD to compare the pancreatic cancer cases brought about by nitrates and those of the control population. The researchers used the odds ratio and % confidence interval to quantify their observations. However, in the calculation of the odds ratio, adjustments had to be made to account for age, gender and smoking habits of the participants. The odds ratio is a ratio of the probability of a particular event or disease to occur with its probability of not occurring (Goldin, stats.org). The values obtained will have a maximum value of 1, which implies a 50:50 chance of occurring and not occurring. The mean and standard deviation of results do not only provide the spread of the data in the population but can also be used to compare two different methods and arrive at associations between a disease and  its possible causes. Narayana and Sunil were able to optimize the use of statistics in the study that they conducted, with the use of the t-test and F-test.  

DNA Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DNA - Coursework Example The enzyme, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase in humans, has two domains ïÆ'   HATPase_c (Histidine kinase) and BCDHK_Adom3 (Mitochondrial branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase). These domains are responsible for the functionality of the protein. The HATPase_c is an ATP binding domain. The enzyme inactivates pyruvate dehydrogenase using ATP. The HATPase_c domain is responsible for the enzyme’s kinase activity. The secondary structure of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase protein comprises of two sheets, two beta hairpins, two beta bulges, seven strands, fifteen helices, twenty-eight helix-helix interactions, twenty beta turns and two gamma turns. It also has a potassium ion ligand. The total alignment score for the three sequences is 99.0 for human and chimpanzee, 97.0 for human and dog, and 97.0 for chimpanzee and dog. Most of the amino acids are conserved in all the sequences, except for a few minor variations. The highest score for human and chimpanzee shows a high protein sequence similarity between the two. The entire stretch of the sequences with conserved amino acid clusters are highlighted below: Now that you have familiarized yourself with these sites, I would like you to make a small addition of your own initiative to the report by using any of the features described above or any other tool that you may have discovered. Using the sequence alignment of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase enzyme of human, chimpanzee and dog, created using the CLUSTALW program, a phylogram guide tree was created. This tree shows the phylogeny of the three

Advanced Computer Architecture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Advanced Computer Architecture - Assignment Example Multiprocessing tasks carry two simultaneous steps, one being performing the task of editing and the other is the handling of the data processing. A multiprocessor device over a single semiconductor chips a plurality of processors including a first group of processors and the second group of processors. The first bus is one to which first group of processors is coupled while the second external bus is the one to which the second bus is coupled. This term is also used to refer to a computer that has many independent processing elements. Processing elements are nearly full computers in their own right. The main contrast is that they have been freed from the encumbrance of communication with peripherals (El-Rewini and Abd-El-Barr, 2005). The processors are made of small and medium scale ICs which usually contains a less or large number of transistors. The multiprocessors involve computer architecture most common multiprocessor systems today use SMP architecture. In this scenario of multicore processors, the SMP architecture applies to the nuclei, handling them as separate processors. SMP systems permit any processor to labour on any task no matter where the data for the task are located in memory; with proper operating systems can easily move tasks between processors to balance the work load efficiently (Stallings, 2013). Multiprocessing in terms of architecture has some benefits like increased processing power, scale resource use of application requirements and also some additional operating system responsibilities such as, all processors remain busy, they work on consistent copies of shared data, execution of related processes synchronized and mutual exclusion is enforced. Multiprocessing is a processing type in which two or more processors work together to process more than one program simultaneously. Multiprocessor systems have more than one processor and that’s

Prevention and Management of Unstable Angina Essay

Prevention and Management of Unstable Angina - Essay Example (NIH, 2011) Unstable angina additionally can happen with or without physical effort, and rest or pharmaceutical may not alleviate the agony. (NIH, 2011)Unstable angina is exceptionally hazardous and obliges crisis medicine. (NIH, 2011) This kind of angina is a sign that a heart assault may happen soon. (NIH, 2011) â€Å"Coronary artery disease due to atherosclerosis is by far the most common cause of unstable angina† (Dugdale, 2012) Atherosclerosis is the development of greasy material called plaque along the dividers of the arteries. This makes the arteries which are the supply routes to get limited and less adaptable. (Dugdale, 2012)The narrowing interferes with blood flow to the heart, bringing on chest pains and discomfort. Individuals with precarious angina are at expanded danger of having a heart attack. (Dugdale, 2012) In the most recent decade, a great deal of data has been aggregated on the measurements of the issue of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and its hazard calculates in Spain. (Marrugat et al, 2002) IHD keeps on being the essential driver of death in men and the third most critical reason for death in ladies, being in charge of 11% and 10% of passing in men and ladies, individually, in 1997. (Marrugat et al, 2002)The frequency of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (number of new cases/100 000 occupants and year) in the Spanish population age 35 to 64 years is among the most reduced in the world and appears to have settled in the last 10-15 years. (Marrugat et al, 2002) This information appears differently in relation to the observation imparted by numerous doctors that the amount of patients being seen for IHD in hospitals is expanding. (Marrugat et al, 2002) This impression is affirmed by the discoveries of hospital dreariness detail, which demonstrate that the amount of patients released alive or perished with the diagnosis of IHD passed from 30 032 in 1977 to 94 124 in 1993. (Marrugat et al, 2002) Hemingway et

Media analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Media analysis - Essay Example They often perceive that marriage is the only way that a man and woman may get to know each other sexually (MacQueen, 2003). That was God’s wish. However, today, it is not hard to see even married couples looking for pleasure outside their marriage. That is the aim of this poster. It is not fair to assume that it is promoting promiscuity rather trying to find a safe way in which people engaging in sex, have the safest method to do this. From a gender perspective, it is likely to hear very many judgemental things about this poster. The first thing that will be talked about will be the girl’s willing nature to get to the point of getting in the poster. Society has a mentality about how women or girls should behave. They do this not knowing that they have a part to play in the growing of society as much as the male species (Nelson, 1999). A gender perspective can be termed as the analysis of a situation, mostly sociological, based on the sex of the parties involved. In the above poster, there is the presence of both sexes. The male position in such a poster is considered as being normal (Nelson, 2001). However, the female role is looked at as being wrong. When a woman is seen to appear in such poster and/or advertisements, it is often attributed to where she is coming from. It is often understood that they are as a result of broken homes. For example, an alcoholic and abusive father, a mother who does not pay attention to her and all sorts of things (Okely, 1996). This is a common misconception that many people in society have. It is otherwise known as stereotyping. Not all people who appear in such advertisements came from such homes. Some people appear in them due to the feeling of creating change among their peers. It is some of these thoughts that are often misconstrued. Society thinks that they are out to benefit themselves or to make their parents feel guilty for something. The generation present now is referred to as the microwave

Business Strategies of Marks and Spencer towards Their Business Essay

Business Strategies of Marks and Spencer towards Their Business Expansion into China - Essay Example This paper illustrates that Marks and Spencer were established in the year 1884 by Michael Marks and since then has grown rapidly to about 600 stores in the UK alone employing about 75000 individuals across the globe in diverse markets. However, the aspect of international expansion must be handled with caution as one of the most important mistakes made by multinational firms involves undermining the aspect of local sentiments and beliefs that can lead to disastrous consequences in terms of positioning of the brand in the new foreign markets. The company has a dedicated presence in about 40 nations across the globe. China holds considerable promise for Marks and Spencer for expanding its business as the nation holds a good position with regards to ease of doing business. According to a report published by the World Bank China ranks 79 among all the nations with regards to ease of doing business preceded only by India, Brazil, and Russia among the emerging markets. In addition, China is also the highest populated country in the world and its recent strides in economic growth have led to making it one of the major markets for retailers across the globe. Cities like Shanghai and Beijing score high on the list of international companies trying to expand internationally due to good market potential.A research study conducted to analyze the consumer behavior states certain key trends of the Chinese consumers that include a good growth in consumption patterns, greater sophistication of the consumers, a reduced trade up of products and brands, shift towards brand value and brand image and finally display of greater smarter purchasing trends among the consumers. In addition to this, the Chinese consumers have also become more inclined towards better service and are also influenced to some extent by Western brands.

Explain what is meant by globalisation Essay Example for Free

Explain what is meant by globalisation Essay Globalisation involves the increased interdependence/reliance of countries. It is the increasing integration of the world economy into a single international market due to the dynamics of trade in goods and services and flows of capital and technology.  Globalisation implies that goods are being manufactured abroad and that there is more prominent international trade. This is shown through the rise in exports and imports. For example, UK exports as a percentage of gross domestic product have more than doubled in the post-war period.   Globalisation welcomes new technology and means that countries are less inward looking. In general, globalisation increases as time goes on and develops along with changing objectives and advances in technology. It is not a new phenomenon.  Especially during the last 25 years, more and more areas of the world economy have been brought into the competitive market.  Globalisation, on the whole offers huge scope to improve the efficient allocation of resources and derive the benefits of international trade. It is fuelled by trade, movement of factors of production, the increasing number of Multi-National Corporations and the new technology. There are four main factors that have contributed to globalisation in recent years.  Firstly, there is the freer movement of goods and services between countries. This is known as free trade and theoretically each country should concentrate in the production of those products in which is has absolute advantages, the greatest comparative advantages or the least comparative disadvantages.  Free trade is promoted internationally and regionally by a number of trading blocs and organisations like so called world wide clubs and regional clubs. The most important and relevant one is probably the World Trade Organisation (WTO). The WTO has pushed along globalisation because it discusses trade issues, establishes agreed rules and takes appropriate measures when these rules have been broken. It has 130+ members and membership is conditional on the grounds that countries must follow trade policies of a broadly free trading nature. The other main trading bloc is the EU. It has helped globalisation because it enjoys a single currency that further unites and integrates the current 15 members. The EU allows the liberty of inter-member movement with goods, services and labour alike.  Free trade has lead to globalisation in recent years because countries can enjoy exports and imports of great quality and lower prices. Globalisation is also about improving current economic situations, and if consumers are satisfied then they tend of spend more, hence generating a larger amount of money in the economy which in turn inspires even more globalisation. Another factor which has led to the process of increased globalisation is the freer movement of the factors of production, i.e.: land, labour, capital, enterprise. If we first consider the physical capital like tools, infrastructure and raw materials; in the past it was more convenient for a country to just make use of its own resources. It was either extremely expensive or not allowed for these to move about. But since deregulation, freer movement of factors of production exists.  Deregulation is basically when the government removes rules and in effect removes barriers to entry, for example perhaps abolishing a tariff on certain imports. In terms of money capital, in the past there was the issue of exchange control, whereby there was a maximum on the amount of a currency you could carry about. This too has been deregulated, and this along with the decrease in bureaucracy and removal of red tape has enabled foreign investment to occur, spurring on globalisation. This freer movement of factors of production, which includes capital and labour mobility has led to globalisation as different countries resources has become open to the world market. The United Arab Emirates, for example, exports a large amount of aluminium and generates a massive sum of money from this. However, to do this is has to obtain bauxite (the raw material) and this is possible because of the freer movement of factors of production. The 3rd factor is the freer movement of firms; more specifically globalisation has been led by the growth of Multi-national Corporations (MNCs). They are such an integral part of globalisation that the sales of MNCs such as General Motors and Ford exceed the entire gross domestic product of many countries. A Multi-national corporation is a company that has significant production operations in at least two countries, e.g. Starbucks or Sony. These large firms exist because of economies of scale, marketing, and lots of political power.  MNCs help globalisation because without them there would be far less trade and innovation. MNCs have increased the amount of world output significantly and this has improved living standards throughout. MNCs create new jobs in other countries, giving rise to opportunity for the country they are operating in, and generating money for their own country. Multi-national corporations and globalisation is inevitably leading to a shifting in production from the First World to the Third World, where labour is cheaper. This is an example of globalisation as countries become more interdependent on each other.  Finally, the last main factor that has contributed to globalisation is the prominence of advancing technology. This includes communication, the Internet, computers, etc. Technology is tied in with the other factors that have led to globalisation. The dramatic improvement in communications during the second half of the twentieth century has especially helped globalisation and MNCs. Falling airfares, the Internet, the fax machine, digitalisation and computers especially have meant that the movement of people and the transmission of information and ideas is easier and more cost-effective than ever before. Technology has reaped massive economies of scale and efficiency benefits for firms today, particularly as we live in an era where many things are computerised. Technology has made it more convenient to manage large firms and permit the movement of factors of production and free trade. The significant reductions in constraints on the international movement of goods and capital emphasise the attitudes of people today evolving towards a more liberal outlook, and this in itself mirrors globalisation.

The competitive advantage of Honda Corporation

The competitive advantage of Honda Corporation There are several factors that can contribute to a firms ability to be competitive in its industry. Building blocks of a competitive advantage include efficiency, quality, innovation, and responsiveness to customers. A firm with a competitive advantage may experience higher profits than the average profit in the industry while competing for the same customers. In the case of Honda, this is true. Honda has many distinctive competencies based on its resource and capabilities that allow it to have a competitive advantage in the auto manufacturing industry. Three areas that give Honda a competitive advantage in the auto industry include Hondas engineering and design, research and development, and brand equity. In order to determine whether Hondas competitive advantage in these three areas is sustainable, we analyze and apply each one to the VRIO framework. Honda is unique in that its corporate structure is made of three companies. Honda Research and Development is in charge of research and development of innovative products for the company. Honda Motor produces, sells, and services the all Honda products. Honda Engineering develops manufacturing processes, systems and equipment used to build all Honda products. Hondas superior design capability has enabled it to build high-quality reliable products and has also added value to the Honda brand. Hondas efficient manufacturing processes have also kept production costs low relative to other automakers in the industry (Snipes 2008). In terms of value, Honda excels at using its engineering expertise and design skills to build reliable cars that simply work. This ability is quite valuable to the company and its industry. Although valuable, Hondas engineering and design is not rare, because there are other car manufactures with excellent engineering and design capabilities. For car manufacturer s who are not already competitive with Honda in its engineering and design ability, it would be very difficult to bridge the gap to competitiveness by imitating Hondas success. Therefore, Hondas engineering and design is inimitable. The final question to ask is whether Honda is organized, ready and able to take advantage of opportunities via its engineering and design. Hondas organization is unique in its management structure in that it differs from most public U.S corporations. A board consisting of 21 directors runs the company, which allows for faster decision-making and execution in new product design (Whiston 2010). All of the companys business units are aligned to take advantage of design breakthroughs, which leads to a conclusion that its engineering and design are a source of sustainable competitive advantage. Hondas focus on research and development is highly valuable and places it at the forefront of technology. This allows the company to incorporate technological breakthroughs and advancements into its wide line of vehicles. Honda also has a very high level of investment in research and development, which is not common in the auto industry. Hondas level of commitment to research and development is also very rare compared to its industry peers. Honda possesses a strong first mover advantage over many competitors in this area because of the advanced nature of its research. Competitors not actively pursuing their own research find it very difficult to catch up to Honda, therefore the companys RD is considered inimitable. Organizationally, Honda keeps the RD group separate from other divisions within the company giving its teams freedom to develop new technologies for the company across the board. Hondas unique structure and its level of commitment to advanced quality research make its rese arch and development a sustainable source of competitive advantage in its industry. Hondas brand equity is an extremely valuable source of its competitive advantage since consumers are willing to pay a premium for Hondas vehicles because of the power of its brand and its association with quality and value. As a result, it has led Honda to have best-in-class repeat purchase rates. Honda has repeatedly been placed among the worlds top 20 most valuable brands according to a research conducted by Business Week Magazine (Ferret 2006). The Honda brand ranked 19th on the international list of one hundred most valuable brands in 2005, having a brand value of $15.8 billion. Honda has very strong brand loyalty as evidenced by the strong repurchase rate for Honda automobiles relative to the industry norms. 65% of Honda customers purchase another Honda automobile compared to only 48% for the industry (Ferret 2006. While it is highly valuable, Hondas brand equity is not rare. Toyota also has strong brand equity in the same industry, but recent recalls may have deteriorated its v alue. Because Hondas brand equity has been built over a long period of time, it would be very difficult for competitors to imitate. Hondas reputation for reliable cars was not earned over night, making it highly inimitable. Honda takes advantages of the benefits given by its strong brand by using it as the flagship brand for the company. By supporting its brand value with superior engineering, design, and research and development, Honda is able to rely on its brand equity as a source of sustained competitive advantage.

Mythology Retold Through Entertainment Outlets Essay -- Myth Mythology

Mythology Retold Through Entertainment Outlets The world of Art and Architecture has continually provided the tools to communicate many differing concepts or ideas such as political ideologies like socialism to simple folk-tales or intricate narratives. The elements of Greek Art and Architecture and its direct connection to mythology is the main focus of this essay. I will present the comparison of a "new" representation of a Greek Temple used in the set design of, The Clash of the Titans; to the original where its influence is traced to the classic of all Greek Temples, the Parthenon. By illustrating this comparison of new to original, I hope to communicate the idea of how contemporary society has attempted to retell mythology through entertainment outlets. As stated in the introduction, our contemporary or "new" work is the movie titled, The Clash of the Titans, adapted from the book of the same title written by Beverley Cross. This film was released in the year of 1981 as one of many mythological based stories the entertainment industry has gained profit from. The narrative of this film consists of the mythological tale of Perseus as it took place in Greece when immortals and mortals depended upon one another. Here Hollywood retells the tale of the life of Perseus, son of Zeus; selling mythology to the paying viewer. Within the film the set design is based upon the Greece of that time; the High Classical period of Art and Architecture. Argos is the birthplace of Perseus a city later destroyed by the Kraken, the last of the known Titans. It is here our new work is visualized and represented, the scene of tsunamis crashing upon the temples of Doric order and a statue based upon High Classical period of Greek Art and Arch... ...g new ideas, representations, and methods. As time progresses the element of creativity evolves but never separates itself from the history it has grown from. The concept of, "reconfiguration as a new mode of remembering the past is just another idea we utilize to place ourselves in our own temporality (Netzger, 9). Given that chance we allow ourselves to evolve and grow with time and patience, and this in turn affecting our environment as well as other individuals. Works Cited The Clash of the Titans. Dir. Desmond Davis. With Harry Hamlin, Ursula Andress, and Laurence Olivier. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, 1981. Netzger, Nancy. "Modes of Remembering The Classical Past" Memory and the Middles Ages. Ed. Nancy Netzger and Virginia Reinburg. Boston: Boston College Museum of Art, 1995. Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History: Volume One. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1995.

Outsourcing business processes Essay -- Globalization essays, research

Outsourcing Business Processes Summary This paper captures the most prominent services and issues associated with today's outsourcing environment. Outsourcing is the modern business term for having other companies accomplish basic business processes rather than doing them inhouse. While outsourcing has always been an important business option, modern technical capabilities are fast making outsourcing a critical requirement in competitive, cost conscious industries. However, our recent experience with terrorist challenges indicates that a second look is needed to ensure that outsourcing risks are still acceptable. This paper (1) benchmarks classical (but modern) outsourcing methods to provide a starting point, (2) notes what information system services are being outsourced, (3) provides examples of how those services were being promoted and leveraged, with some comments on terrorist related risks, and (4) indicates how the experts suggest that outsourcing, if it is reliable and secure, should be addressed in contracts (incentives). An awareness of these basic aspects of outsourcing is important to the business analyst or consultant. Benchmarking Modern Outsourcing Charles L. Gay and James Essinger (2000) provide not only a generic (non-high-tech) framework within which to view modern, high-tech outsourcing, they also provide this framework from the British perspective, often using United States companies as examples. They list numerous benefits and hazards of outsourcing, only indirectly considering terrorist acts, and they explore the different business relationships that apply in the world of outsourcing. Based on their perspectives, we can conclude that outsourcing is a well developed but also complex topic, one that is often over simplified and, thus, is often improperly implemented. Nevertheless, with the British framework in mind, one should view the numerous and quickly evolving high-tech extrapolations of outsourcing as less intimidating and, also, less risky from a business perspective, at least as view from their pre-September thinking. With a few rather obvious guidelines in place, a business consultant (certainly an information technology business consultant) should be able to recommend to a client what aspects of the client's business can and should be outsourced. The consultant can also be very helpful in selecting an appropriate source of thos... ...centive. Thus, incentives should be viewed as business investments in which the return on the resources invested is expected to make the investment worthwhile. Incentives are likely to increase good will and encourage both parties to overlook petty issues, resulting in a win-win situation. Competitive bids from outsourcers are more likely to win the contract if their proposal reflects good business investment incentives. Types of incentive include reciprocal business actions such as pooling core competencies (synergism). For example, EDS outsourced its network to WorldCom, and WorldCom outsourced its information technology capabilities to EDS, increasing the amount of business and business efficiency for both companies. (Bender, 2000) Another type of incentive is a joint venture established to pursue a new idea. Each company applies its best talent and efforts and shares in the profits. This type of incentive can be presented in a way that makes the consulting costs appear to be zero, although the consultant will share in the profits resulting from the joint venture. The approach to contracts and incentives masks the fact that a bilateral outsourcing contract has been established.

Shop Online Or At The Malls? :: essays research papers

Shop Online or At the Malls? Radiation, sore eyes, fatigue carpal tunnel syndrome and characteristics of a hermit. These are the common â€Å"sickness† people get when working with computers too long. Shopping is one of the largest industries in the world. For the people who decide to shop on the Internet, have to face many disadvantages. Many people prefer to shop in malls because they are able to see and feel the texture of the things that they want before they purchase it. Usually when purchasing a product online through the net, people do not know what they are really getting. Maybe the picture or the way the product is described on the Internet could be imprecise and incorrect. When shopping at the malls, consumers are able to interact with sales people and be able to get the highest quality of service. Technology may be an essential part of our lives, but it will never take over our daily lives. Computers are a valuable source of technology to humans these days. Everyday people use these machines to do their work, but when it comes down to shopping, it is a different experience. Shopping on the Internet may seem like an easy way out from the traffic and the crowded malls, but nothing can beat the hands on experience of shopping. Shopping in malls gives the consumers the chance of using their four out of five senses: to look, feel, smell and hear. The consumers are able to look at every little detail there is on the product they want before purchasing it. Where as, when using the Internet the consumer is only able to see a small picture of what they want without any details. Also the consumer can feel the quality of their product that they are purchasing. On the Internet, it is impossible to feel anything, but ones own computer.

Flow Oriented Incentive Spirometry Health And Social Care Essay

Tracheostomy is among the most often performed process in critically sick patients, being done in approximately 24 % of patients in ICUs. The usage of tracheotomy increased over recent old ages. The most common indicant for tracheotomy in the ICU is need for drawn-out mechanical airing. However after some yearss or hebdomads of endotracheal cannulation, ability to cough is compromised because the glottis mechanism is bypassed. The lowest acceptable critical capacity that determines adequateness of cough is 15ml/kg of organic structure weight ( Shapiro el al 1985 ) Patients unable to exhibit a strong effectual cough are at hazard for maintained secernments ; this makes trouble in re-expansion of air sac in that section. So decreased lung volumes from decreased tidal take a breathing non merely can impair oxygenation and predispose to Hypercarbia. It besides can take to atelectasis. Normal self-generated take a breathing form have periodic hyperinflations that prevent alveolar prostration. But the shallow tidal airing take a breathing pattern cause atelectasis, retained secernments and respiratory infections. Atelectasis is a common job in postoperative patients and those with neuromuscular disease. Because atelectasis in some patients appears to be due to reiterate little inspirations. The intervention of atelectasis based on two rules. The lungs must be expanded with a transpulmonary force per unit area sufficient to open the collapsed lung tissues and dead secernments must be cleared. Deeper breaths may be helpful to successfully change by reversal the atelectasis in the first 24-48 hours. Incentive spirometer encourages enlargement of the lungs every bit much as possible above self-generated external respiration ; these have proved to be good in controlled surveies. They used to advance maximum inspiratory attempts, improved cough mechanism due to improved inspiratory capacity and therefore keep normal lung volume. In the inducement spirometry ocular provender back system is incorporated into the device such as raising a ball that the patient attempt controls.Physiological rule:Physiological rule of sustained maximum inspiration is to bring forth a maximum transpulmonary force per unit area gradient bring forthing a more negative intrapleural force per unit area. This force per unit area gradient produces alveolar hyperinflation with minimum air flow during inspiratory stage.1.1NEED FOR THE Survey:Most surveies investigated the usage of incentive spirometry to better the station operative pneumonic map. But merely a few surveies investigate the effectivity of incentive spirometry in tracheostomized patients. Hence the demand arise to look into the effects of incentive spirometry on tracheostomized patients.1.2 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY:1. The aim of this survey was to measure the effects of flow-oriented incentive spirometry on, atelectasis, Pao2, and PaCO2 in tracheostomized patients. 2. To measure the effects of diaphragmatic external respiration exercising on atelectasis, PaO2, and PaCO2. 3. To compare the effects of flow-oriented incentive spirometry with diaphragmatic external respiration exercisings on tracheotomy patients.1.3 Hypothesis:1. There is a important difference following flow-oriented incentive spirometry on thorax radiogram mark, PaO2, and PaCO2 in tracheostomy patients. 2. There is a important difference following diaphragmatic external respiration exercisings on chest radiogram mark, PaO2, and PaCO2 in tracheostomy patients. 3. There is a important difference following flow oriented incentive spirometry on thorax radiogram mark, PaO2, and PaCO2 when compared to diaphragmatic external respiration exercisings.1.4 Operational Definition:Tracheostomy: surgical opening up of windpipe to set an air passage to ease respiration in laryngeal obstructor or a status necessitating drawn-out respiratory aid Flow oriented incentive spirometry: Incentive spirometry is a method of voluntary deep external respiration by supplying ocular provender back about inspiratory volume utilizing a specially designed spirometer, the patient inhales until a preset volume is reached so sustains the inspiratory volume by keeping the breath for 3-5 sec. Incentive spirometry reduces the hazard of atelectasis Atelectasis: atelectasis is a prostration of lung tissue impacting portion of all of one lung. This status prevents normal O2 soaking up to healthy tissues Inspiratory capacity: The maximal volume of gas that can be inhaled from the terminal of a resting halitus. This is equal to the amount of the tidal volume and the inspiratory modesty volume. Arterial blood gas: The O2 and CO2 content of the arterial blood measured by assorted methods to measure the adequateness of airing and oxygenation and acid-base position of the organic structure. Oxygen impregnation of Hb is usually 95 % or higher. The partial force per unit area of arterial o2 usually 80-100mmhg and Pco2 is usually 35-45mmHgPartial force per unit area of O in arterial blood ( PaO2 ) :The portion of entire blood gas force per unit area exerted by O gas. It is lower than normal in patients with asthma, clogging lung disease. The normal PaO2 in arterial blood is 95 to 100 millimeter Hg.Partial force per unit area of C dioxide in arterial blood ( PaCO2 ) ,The portion of entire blood gas force per unit area exerted by C dioxide. It decreases during rapid external respiration and it increases with respiratory upsets. The normal force per unit areas of C dioxide in arterial blood are 35 to 45 millimeters Hg1.5 PROJECTED Result:Based on the literature reappraisal available ; the jutting result of this survey will be, the tracheotomy patients who undergo incentive spirometry preparation will hold betterment in lung enlargement, PaO2and PaCO2 degree in arterial blood than the patients who underwent diaphragmatic external respiration exercisings.Chapter IILITERATURE REVIEWTan AK conducted a prospective clinical survey on patients with major caput and cervix surgery was conducted to measure the usage of incentive spirometry to better station operative lung map. An arranger was foremost designed to let patients with tracheostomy tubings to utilize the spirometer. Parameters studied include critical marks, arterial blood gases and pneumonic map trial. Significant betterment of lung map and deficiency of complication warrant the usage of incentive spirometry in station operative caput and cervix surgery patients. ( 2 ) Naveen Malhotra, parveen Malhotra, and Deepak Varma successfully used the modified inducement spirometer in tracheostomized patients admitted in ICU as a lung enlargement technique. The equipments used are an incentive spirometer, an arranger and a Y Connector. The arranger used is merely an anaesthesia tubing connection. In their survey they have besides mentioned that inducement spirometry besides helps to measure lung maps particularly the critical capacity and inspiratory volume. They have concluded that the combination of incentive spirometry, chest physical therapy and early mobilisation improves the efficiency of incentive spirometry. ( 1 ) Mirza S, Hopkinson L, malik TH, Willat DJ were reported that respiratory map proving in patients with tracheal pore or tracheotomy tubings is hard due to the job of neglecting to accomplish a good seal between the tracheotomy tubing or pore. Standard pneumonic map devices connected to a tracheostomy tubing via the same adapter and underwent the respiratory map trial. ( 3 ) Basoglu OK, Atasever A, Bacakoglu F. , Compared a incentive spirometry group to groups having merely medical intervention. A sum of 27 back-to-back patients admitted for COPD aggravations were recruited. 15 ( IS intervention group ) used IS for 2 months, together with medical intervention. The staying 12 ( medical intervention group ) were given merely medical intervention. Pneumonic map and blood gases were measured. PaCO2 values decreased ( P = 0.02 ) , PaO2and PaCO2 values increased ( P = 0.02 and P = 0.01, severally ) in the IS intervention group. However, there were no important differences between the measurings made pretreatment and after 2 months of medical therapy in the medical intervention group, with respects to pneumonic map, blood gases, they concluded that the usage of IS appears to better arterial blood gases in patients with COPD aggravations, although it does non change pneumonic map parametric quantities. ( 4 ) . Celli et al. , compared a no-treatment control group to groups having 15 proceedingss of IS, intermittent positive force per unit area external respiration ( IPPB ) or deep external respiration exercising ( DBE ) in patients who had undergone both upper and lower abdominal surgery. Compared to no intervention, the three intervention techniques were every bit more effectual in forestalling pneumonic complications. The writer suggested that IS may be preferred following upper abdominal surgery, because it appeared to shorten the patient ‘s length of stay. ( 5 ) Ricksten et al. , compared the consequence of 3 yearss of hourly ( 30 breaths ) IS, uninterrupted positive air passage force per unit area ( CPAP ) , and positive terminal expiratory force per unit area ( PEEP ) on gas exchange, lung volumes, and development of atelectasis. The patients who received both CPAP and PEEP were superior to Be for alveolar-arterial O force per unit area difference, FVC, and the incidence of atelectasis. ( 6 ) Stephen et al. , studied the consequence of incentive spirometry versus deep external respiration exercising on cut downing the diminution in critical capacity in patients undergoing abdominal surgery and found that incentive spirometry is more effectual than deep external respiration exercisings in reconstructing critical capacity to preoperative degrees ( 7 ) Thomas JA, McIntosh JM. , Conducted a meta-analysis was to quantitatively measure the conflicting organic structure of literature refering the efficaciousness of incentive spirometry ( IS ) , intermittent positive force per unit area external respiration ( IPPB ) , and deep external respiration exercisings ( DBEX ) in the bar of postoperative pneumonic complications in patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery. He concluded that Incentive spirometry and deep external respiration exercisings appear to be more effectual than no physical therapy intercession in the bar of postoperative pneumonic complications. ( 8 )Chapter IIIMATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY3.1 STUDY DESIGN:Pretest station trial design with a comparing group. It is a quasi experimental design. Two groups were taken: one is experimental group and another one is comparison group. Group A- Experimental group Group B- comparing group3.2 SAMPLE SIZE:Twenty patients were selected and were assigned into two groups ; comparing group and experimental group.3.3POPULATION AND Sampling:An norm, approximately 5 % of patients undergone tracheotomy in ICU for every month. Among these patients, 20 patients were selected and were assigned into two groups by simple random trying method for the survey after obtaining informed consent. One is experimental group who received incentive spirometry preparation and another group is comparison group who received diaphragmatic external respiration exercisings.3.4 STUDY Setting:The survey was conducted at the medical Incentive attention unit ( MICU ) , PSG infirmary, Coimbatore. PSG infirmary is 810 stratified multi forte systems.3.5 TREATMENT DURATION:5-10 breaths per session ; every one hr while awake for 48 hours.3.6 STUDY DURATION:6 months ( from June 1st 2010 to 30th November 2010 )3.5 CRITERIA FOR SAMPLE SELECTION:3.5.1. INCLUSION CRITERIA:1. Conscious and concerted patients 2. Aged above 18 year 3. Gender: both males and females 4. Patients who are weaned from ventilator and execute self-generated take a breathing with tracheotomy 5. Post operative patients who are at hazard of developing atelectasis 6. Patients with neuromuscular upsets, and post operative patients with thoracic surgery3.5.2EXCLUSION Standards:1. Patients with reduced degree of consciousness 2. Patients who are unable to understand or collaborate with the intervention 3. Patients with respiratory infective diseases3.6 INSTRUMENT AND TOOL FOR DATA COLLECTION:1. Chest X beam class for atelectasis 2. Arterial blood gas analysis- PaO2 and Paco2 degree3.7 Technique OF DATA COLLECTION:In this survey baseline appraisal was taken for both the experimental group and comparing group ab initio. Then the patients in experimental group underwent incentive spirometry preparation via modified flow oriented incentive spirometer with the healer supervising so post trial appraisals were taken at the terminal of 48hrs after incentive spirometry preparation. In the comparing group, they received diaphragmatic external respiration exercisings and station trial appraisal was taken after 48 hour of baseline appraisal. Any alterations in each group ‘s PaO2, PaCO2, and chest radiogram mark for atelectasis are compared.3.8 Technique OF DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:Datas collected from both group participants were analyzed utilizing paired't ‘ trial to mensurate the alterations between the pre and station trial values with in the group and Independent ‘t ‘ trial to mensurate the alterations between the groups. Paired't ‘ trial: Where, n = Number of samples S = Standard divergence vitamin D = Mean divergence Independent't ‘ trial: X1 = Mean Differece of Group A X 2 = Mean Difference of Group B SD- combined standard divergence of group A and B n1 = Number of patients in Group A n2 = Number of patients in Group B SD1 = Standard Deviation of Group A SD2 = Standard Deviation of Group BChapter 1VDATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONData analysis is the systematic organisation and synthesis of research informations and testing of research hypothesis utilizing those informations. Interpretation is the procedure of doing sense of the consequences of a survey and analyzing their reading ( Polit and Beck, 2004 ) . Pre trial and Post trial value collected utilizing Radiographic Grades to mensurate the degree of atelectasis for patients in Group A and Group B were presented in Table 1 and 2 ( Annexure-VI ) and they expressed as a saloon diagram chart 1 and 2. The Pre trial and Post trial values of Group A and Group B for PaO2 in arterial blood of patients from selected population were presented in Table 3 and 4 ( Annexure-VI ) and besides expressed in chart 3 and 4. Similarly the pre trial and station trial values of Group A and Group B for PaCO2 in arterial blood from selected population were presented in Table 5 and 6 ( Annexure- VI ) and besides presented in chart 5 and 6.Table-7 Difference in average values and Standard Deviation of pre trial and station trial values based on Radiographic Grades for both Group A and BS. NoGroupsDifference in meanStandard Deviation1.Group A0.704832.Group B0.20.4211. Comparison of pre and station trial values of 10 topics in Group A based on Radiographic Grades. ( Graph-1 ) Hypothesis: There is important difference on thorax radiogram mark for atelectasis following flow oriented incentive spirometry preparation. ‘t ‘ value = = 4.582 df = n – 1 = 9 The t-value 4.582 gives P & lt ; 0.01 that agencies there is a important difference between the agencies of pre trial and station trial values.COMPARISON OF PRETEST AND POST TEST MEAN VALUES FOR GROUP A- CHEST RADIOGRAPH SIGN2. Comparison of pre and station trial values of 10 topics in Group B based on Radiographic Grades.Hypothesiss: There is important difference on thorax radiogram mark for atelectasis following deep external respiration exercisings. ‘t ‘ value = = 1.5 df = n – 1 =9 The t-value 1.5 gives P & gt ; 0.05 that agencies there is a no important difference between the agencies of pretest and station trial. The values are besides represented in a chart 2COMPARISON OF PRETEST AND POST TEST MEAN VALUES FOR GROUP B – Thorax RADIOGRAPH SIGNTable-8 Difference in average values and standard Deviation of pre trial and station trial values based on PaO2 for both Group A and B ( n=10 ) .S. No Groups Difference in Mean Standard Deviation 1. Group A -6.6 6.744 2. Group B 0.91 6.314 In order to happen out the important difference between the pre trial and station trial PaO2 degree in arterial blood paired â€Å" T † trial was used. 1. Comparison of pre and station trial values of 10 Subjects in Group A based on PaO2 values. ( Chart-3 ) Hypothesis: There is important difference on PaO2 value following flow oriented incentive spirometry preparation. ‘t ‘ value = =-3.094 df = n – 1 =9 The gathered information is tabulated ( ref Table: 2 ) and the mated t trial is conducted. The t-value -3.094 gives P & lt ; 0.01 that agencies there is a important difference between the agencies of pre trial and station trial values. The pretest and station trial values are besides represented in a chart ( Ref Chart: 3 ) COMPARISON OF PRETEST AND POST TEST MEAN VALUES FOR GROUP A- PaO2 VALUE 2. Comparison of pre and station trial values of 10 topics in Group B based on PaO2 values. ( Chart-4 ) Hypothesis: There is important difference on PaO2 following deep external respiration exercisings. ‘t ‘ value = =0.455 df = n – 1 = 9 The t-value 0.455gives P & gt ; 0.05 that agencies there is a no important difference between the agencies of pretest and station trial. The values are besides represented in a chart ( Ref Chart: 4 )COMPARISON OF PRE TEST AND POST TEST MEAN VALUES FOR GROUP B- PaO2 VALUE.Table-9 Difference in average values and standard Deviation of pre trial and station trial values based on PaCO2 in arterial blood for both Group A and B ( n=10 ) .S. No Groups Difference in Mean Standard Deviation 1. Group A 7.04 7.58 2. Group B 0.41 5.51 In order to happen out the important difference between the pre trial and station trial for PaCO2 paired â€Å" T † trial was used. 1. Comparison of pre and station trial values of 10 Subjects in Group A based on PaCO2 value. ( Graph-5 ) Hypothesis: There is important difference on PaCO2 value following flow oriented incentive spirometry preparation. ‘t ‘ value = = 2.93 df = n – 1 = 9 The t-value 2.93 gives P & lt ; 0.01 that agencies there is a important difference between the agencies of pre trial and station trial values.COMPARISON OF PRE TEST AND POST TEST MEAN VALUES FOR GROUP A- PaCO2 VALUE2. Comparison of pre and station trial values of 10 topics in Group B based onPaCO2. ( Graph -6 ) Hypothesis: There is a important difference on PaCO2 value following external respiration exercisings. ‘t ‘ value = = 0.23 df = n – 1 = 9 The t-value 0.23 gives P & gt ; 0.05 that agencies there is a no important difference between the agencies of pretest and station trial.COMPARISON OF PRE TEST AND POST TEST MEAN VALUES FOR GROUP B- PaCO2 VALUETable-10.Difference in average values and standard divergence of Pre trial and station trial values based on Radiographic Grades, PaO2 and PaCO2 values for both Group A and B ( n =20 ) .S.No Variable Difference in mean Standard Deviation 1. Chest Radiographic Grade 0.5 0.453 2. PaO2 5.69 6.533 3. PaCO2 6.63 6.63 In order to happen out the important difference between station trial values of both Group A and B based on Radiographic Grades, PaO2 and PaCO2 Independent't ‘ trial was used.1. Comparison of average values of 20 topics in Group A and B based on chest Radiographic Grade.Comparison of Mean Values of 20 topics in Group A and Group B Based on chest Radiographic Class Hypothesis: There is important difference following flow oriented incentive spirometry preparation on thorax Radiographic Grade, when compared to diaphragmatic external respiration exercisings. Independent't ‘ trial SD = ( n1-1 ) SD12+ ( n2-1 ) SD22 ( n1+n2 – 2 ) = 0.453 T = ( x1- x2 ) n1 n2 SD n1 + n2 = 2.46 df = n1+n2 – 2 = 18 The deliberate value is greater than the table value of 2.46 ( P & lt ; 0.05 ) . This shows that there is important betterment between the Mean values of chest Radiographic Grade in Group A and B. Hence Hypothesis accepted.COMPARISON OF MEAN VALUES BETWEEN GROUP A AND GROUP B BASED ON CHEST RADIOGRAPHIC GRADE2. Comparison of station trial values of 20 topics in Group A and B based on PaO2 valueHypothesis: There is important difference on PaO2 following flow oriented incentive spirometry preparation, when compared to diaphragmatic external respiration exercisings Independent't ‘ trial SD = ( n1-1 ) SD12 + ( n2-1 ) SD22 ( n1+n2 – 2 ) = 6.533 T = ( x1- x2 ) n1 n2 SD n1 + n2 = -2.57 df = n1+n2 – 2 = 18 The deliberate value is greater than the table value of -2.57 ( P & lt ; 0.05 ) . This shows that there is important betterment between the station values of paO2 in Group A and B. Hence Hypothesis accepted.COMPARISON OF MEAN VALUES BETWEEN GROUP A AND GROUP B BASED ON PaO23. Comparison of Mean values of 20 topics in Group A and B based on PaCO2 value.Comparison of Mean Values of 20 topics in Group A And Group B Based on PaCO2 value Hypothesis: There is important difference on PaCO2 following flow oriented incentive spirometry preparation, when compared to take a breathing exercisings. Independent't ‘ trial SD = ( n1-1 ) SD12+ ( n2-1 ) SD22 ( n1+n2 – 2 ) = 6.63 T = ( x1- x2 ) n1 n2 SD n1 + n2 = 2.236 df = n1+n2 – 2 = 18 The deliberate value is greater than the table value of 2.236 ( P & lt ; 0.05 ) . This shows that there is important betterment between the Mean values of PaCO2 in Group A and B. Hence Hypothesis accepted.COMPARISON OF MEAN VALUES BETWEEN GROUP A AND GROUP B BASED ON PaCO2Chapter VRESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe purpose of the survey was to compare the efficaciousness of flow-oriented incentive spirometry preparation with diaphragmatic external respiration exercising in tracheostomized patients. Wholly 20 participants were participated in this survey. They are assigned into comparing group and experimental group. The selected result steps were, Chest radiographic scaling for atelectasis, PaO2 value, PaCO2 valueChest radiographic Grading for Atelectasis:In Experimental group, Based on chest radiographic class for Atelectasis, there is an betterment in the thorax radiogram mark after incentive spirometer preparation. The deliberate T value is 4.58, which gives P & lt ; 0.01. Hence, statistically important betterment was found between pre and station trial means. It shows that the flow oriented incentive spirometry has important consequence on bettering the atelectatic country for the patients with tracheotomy. But in Comparison group, the deliberate T value is 1.5, which gives P & gt ; 0.05. This implies that there is no important difference in the agencies. So, this shows the diaphragmatic external respiration exercising has less important consequence on bettering atelectasis.PaO2 value:In Experimental group, Based on PaO2 value, the deliberate T value is 3.09, which gives P & lt ; 0.01. Hence, there is a statistically important betterment in the station trial values of PaO2. It shows that that the sustained maximum inspiration improves arterial blood O degree. But in Comparison group besides, some little differences between the pretest and station trial mean values. But the deliberate T value is 0.45, which gives P & gt ; 0.05. This implies that there is no important difference in the agencies. Hence, the diaphragmatic external respiration exercising has less consequence on bettering PaO2.PaCO2 value:In Experimental Based PaCO2 value, the deliberate T value is 2.93, which gives P & lt ; 0.01. Hence, there is an betterment station trial and the difference is extremely important. It shows a important decrease in carbon dioxide degree after incentive spirometry preparation. But in Comparison group, the deliberate T value is 0.235, which gives P & gt ; 0.05. This implies that there is no important difference in the agencies. Hence, this shows that the patients who treated with diaphragmatic external respiration exercisings had no decrease in PaCO2 degree. The p-value ( & lt ; 0.05 ) obtained from independent't ‘ trial showed that the agencies of two group are significantly different. So the patients who received incentive spirometry preparation got more betterment than patients who received diaphragmatic external respiration exercising.RestrictionThere were some restrictions in this survey are given below: This survey was done in a shorter period. The smaller Sample size is a strong modification factor in our survey The entire work of external respiration of the patients during incentive spirometry was non measured. Lung volumes and capacities are non measured Inspiratory musculus strength was non assessed.5.4 RECOMMEDATIONSBased on the result of statistical analysis, it is suggested that the farther surveies should be modified to suit the undermentioned alterations, Effectss can be proved by utilizing pneumonic map trial. Different populations can be analyzed to formalize the consequence. Measure the impact of the extra imposed work of take a breathing ( WBimp ) generated by two different spirometers.Chapter VIDecisionWith the mention to the statistical analysis done from the informations collected by Radiographic Grades, PaO2 and PaCO2 values, concluded that the flow oriented incentive spirometry preparation has important consequence in bettering the degree of atelectasis, PaO2 and PaCO2 degree in arterial blood than diaphragmatic external respiration exercising entirely in tracheostomy patients..‘So, the modified inducement spirometer has been successfully used in tracheostomized patients who were admitted in intensive attention unit as a lung enlargement technique.CHAPTER-VII

Midland Energy Resources, Cost of Capital

Midland Energy Resources, Cost of Capital The case is about how Janet Mortensen, senior vice president of project finance for Midland Energy Resources, prepare her annual cost of capital estimates for midland and each of its three divisions for her company. Midland was a global energy company with operations in oil and gas exploration and production (E&P), refining and marketing(R&M), and petrochemicals. Estimates of cost of capital prepared by Mortensen were used in many analyses within Midland, including asset appraisals for both capital budgeting and financial accounting, performance assessments.Since her calculations had been widely applied in various areas and became influential, she was considering appending a sort of user’s guide to the 2007 set of calculations for reference to different applications. Mortensen used WACC formula to estimate cost of capital, compute the cost of debt by adding a premium over US Treasury securities of a similar maturity, and calculate the cost of equity by using the CAPM formula. After reviewing the case and tables given, we calculated the company’s composite WACC and WACCs for each division respectively. The company’s composite WACC is 8. 19%. The inputs we used are spread to treasury of 1. 2%, debt ratio of 42. 2%, Treasury bond yields of 4. 98% at a 30-year maturity, the 2006 tax rate of 39%, beta of 1. 25, and EMRP of 5%. However, we do not think that EMRP given in the case is appropriate. Instead, we recommend 3. 3%, which is the most recent EMRP estimate according the survey results in the Exhibit 6. Midland cannot use the same WACC for all divisions. It has three different divisions with different risk or Beta, which is given in Exhibit 5. If midland uses same WACC for all division it can accept risky investment or some time it may mislead by giving up profitable investment.It should use corporate WACC only for corporate level decision. WACC for E&P and R&M is calculated by using cost of debt by adding risk free rate plus spread to TB. From the Exhibit 5, weights for debt and Equity are calculated. WACC of E&P is 8. 82 and R&F is 9. 83. Both WACC are different to each other because they have different risk level, leverage and credit rating. Calculation Part: WACC (E&P):=rd(D/V)(1-t)+re(E/V)=6. 58*0. 2847(1-0. 39)+10. 73*0. 7153=8. 8178 rd=rf+spread =4. 98+1. 6=6. 58, re=rf+B(EMRP)=4. 98+1. 15*5=10. 73 D/E=0. 398 or V-E/E=0. 398 or E/V=0. 7153D/V=1-E/V=1-0. 7153=0. 2847 WACC (R&M)=rd(D/V)(1-t)+re(E/V)=6. 78*0. 1687(1-0. 39)+10. 98*0. 8313=9. 8253 rd= rf+spread =4. 98+1. 8=6. 78re= rf+B(EMRP)=4. 98+1. 2*5=10. 98 D/E=0. 203orV-E/E=0. 203orE/V=0. 8313, D/V=1-E/V=1-0. 8313=0. 1687 For Petrochemical division, since we don’t have sufficient information of that division. We cannot compute our Beta so that we cannot get an exact number of WACC for the division. If the managers want to have a rough estimate, they can use the overall Beta as an average for three divisions and c alculate the Beta for Petrochemical division. Then they can get the WACC.

Mandatory Child Development and Parenting Classes

There should be a law prohibiting teenage pregnancy.   It would be impossible to make such a law, since the country’s prisons would be filled with fifteen year-old-mothers. A law should, however, be made requiring mandatory child development and parenting classes before high school graduation. The statistics concerning teenage pregnancy are frightening.   One teenager each minute becomes pregnant, in 2004 420,000 babies were born to teenage mother in the United States, and 67% of teenage mothers drop out of high school (Horizon Solutions, 2006).Three out of ten girls get pregnant before the age of twenty at an average of 750,000 girls per year (National Campaign, 2006). Girls as young as thirteen are becoming parents and often with no support from the equally young and inexperienced fathers.   The grandparents are then either forced to raise their grandchildren or the young unprepared girls are forced to give up their future plans to become parents much too early.  Mos t schools in the nation currently offer child development and parenting classes as electives for those who are interested in childcare.   Since most young teenagers will eventually become parents, however, it should be mandatory to prepare them for their future roles.Most public schools in the United States teach sexual education, which includes ways to prevent pregnancy.   Unfortunately, this has not significantly decreased the occurrences of teenage pregnancy.   When compared to the statistics of teenagers in other countries the united States ranks high in the number of pregnancies, because of the differences in how teenagers are prepared for parenting and the expectations for them (Guttmacher).   Part of the differences are that the young people in other countries are not taught to be ashamed to admit to having sex and are taught to be more responsible about preventing pregnancy.   In this country many adults are uncomfortable talking to their children about sex (Coloro so 228). The better young people are educated about and prepared for male-female relationships in early adolescence the less likely they are to give in to peer pressure (Campbell 51).In most schools, no student can graduate without learning about American History, government, English or science.   Students are taught how to have children and usually how to prevent it, but it is not required for them to learn how to care for the children after they have them.   Unless they come from large families, many young people have no idea how much responsibility is required in caring for an infant.   If they did, maybe they would take more precautions to avoid this until they were ready for the responsibility.   If a law was made to make it mandatory for all freshman high school students to take child development and parenting classes, all teenagers would have a better understanding of the responsibilities involved.   This would make them more likely to take better precautions to avo id teenage pregnancy.Parenting is not easy at any age, but when parenting is combined with dating, and trying to finish high school, it can be overwhelming.   When young girls discover they are about to become a parent, they can go through a range of emotions.   Some do not want to take on the responsibility of parenting.   These girls are faced with the difficult choice of abortion or adoption.   If she chooses to put her child up for adoption, she and the father both have to sign their parental rights over to the adoptive parents (Gay 6).  Ã‚   Some of the girls feel happy about having a baby they may see it as playing house or as an accomplishment (American Academy, 2004).   These girls have no real idea how much responsibility is involved in caring for infants.   They often like the idea of caring for someone.The problem is the people who are currently taking the elective parenting courses are usually the ones who know something about caring for infants and are int erested in the subject.   These people already know a little of the responsibility and often are the ones least likely to be teen parents. By making the classes mandatory, those who think it is like playing house or have no idea about babies will get more information.   Many of these classes teach students what to expect throughout the first few years of life.   Infants especially in the first weeks of life need very much of the parent’s time and can be exhausting, and they cry a great deal (Preston 11).   The average day in the life of a mother with an infant consists of waking at approximately 3:00 a.m. and getting very little rest until late the next night.   It involves diaper changes, feedings and constant attention to someone helpless and fragile (O’Callahan 66). When the young people actually begin to realize what life is like for a parent, they can see the consequences of being careless in sexual relationships.   In recent years a new trend has beco me part of child development class.   Many schools have started using programmable dolls, which cry during the night, need changed, fed and held.   These dolls are amazingly lifelike and can provide young people an idea of what it is really like to be a parent (Memorial Community, n.d.). Teaching young people what parenting is like is sometimes more effective than teaching them methods of birth control or about the risks of disease.   In addition to the dolls, child development and parenting courses teach young people how to cope when they do have children.The good news is the message is getting out.   The number of teenagers age fifteen to nineteen who have reported having sex has decreased by just over 13% since 1991 and the number of teen pregnancies has dropped by 36% in the same amount of time (National Campaign, 2006).   There was a trend in the country for a while where teens were not afraid for parents to know they were having sex, but they did not have enough fact s to keep from getting pregnant.   With the increased risk of sexually transmitted diseases, the education about the use of contraception has helped teenagers become more responsible about using birth control to avoid disease and thus pregnancy.If all school districts were mandated to require these classes using the teaching dolls and statistics as a requirement for graduation like they do math and science, students might have a better knowledge of what it takes to be parents.   This would help them know they wanted to wait until they were ready to have children.   It could teach them the financial, emotional and physical requirements involved in having and raising children.   Education is the key to knowledge and knowledge is required to make responsible choices.   In order to teach the teenagers in the United States to make responsible choices, there needs to be a law requiring the system to educate them.Works CitedCampbell, Dr. Ross. How to Really Love Your Child. Wheat on: Victor Books, 1988Coloroso, Barbara. Kids Are Worth It. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc.,1994Gay, Kathlyn. Abortion Understanding the Debate. Berkeley Heights: Enslow Publishers,Inc., 2004â€Å"MCH Foundation Partners With Schools to Provide â€Å"Baby Think it Over† Dolls.†Memorial Community Hospital and Health System, 1 May 2007http://www.mchhs.org/news/BabyThinkitOver.htmPreston, Penny. What Every Mother Needs to Know About Her Baby’s First Year.Portland, Maine: Ronnie Sellers Productions, Inc. 2006â€Å"Reality Works Infant Simulator and Real Care Parenting Program.† 18 September 2006Horizon Solutions Site, 1 May 2007http://www.solutions-site.org/artman/publish/article_47.shtmlO’Callahan, Kitty. â€Å"A Day in the Life of a Mom.† Baby Talk September 2005: 66-7â€Å"Sex Education: Needs, Programs and Policies.†December2006.TheGuttmacher Institute1 May 2007 The National Organization to Prevent Teen Pregnancy. 1 May 200 7.â€Å"When Children Have Children.† July 2004, American Academy of Child andAdolescent Psychiatry, 1 May 2007

International markets small business in USA Essay

International markets& small business in USA Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Venture capitalists invest massive of money to companies that want to expand but have no enough access to public funds. They are willing to invest in such companies because they earn massive benefit when the company succeeds. Consequently, venture capitalists look for firms with strong management staff, large markets and unique goods with high competitive advantage (Gladstone & Gladstone 2004). They are driven by the desire to own a large portion of the company so that they can influence its direction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   International markets are complex due to their vast geographical coverage in the worlds rapidly changing and growing nations. The basics for international markers ranging from diverse culture and languages, handling issues related to business ethics, selection of distribution and global marketing channels and international communication. They are the key issues that guide the operationality of worldwide markets (Omar, Abduh, & Sukmana, 2013)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This situation represent personal and professional dilemma where by the personal and professional interests that are simultaneously conflicting. I will use the principles of ethical decision making process seek supervision self mirror image and illumination of the process will also consider legal obligation that supersedes my professional and personal ethics (Wueste,1994). I will talk both the boss and supervisor to examine their feeling about my situation as that pertain my professional ethics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The small businesses are important in US economy in many aspects. They employ many people, actually about the half of the total workforce in there a key in driving the economy as opposed to giant multi-billion dollar companies (White House Committee on Small Business, 1962).They are instrumental in stabilizing forces in the economy .the owners are backbone for creativity innovation production and value creation in United States. The small business is actually what stimulates the economy. References Gladstone, D., & Gladstone, L. (2004). Venture capital investing: The complete handbook for investing in private businesses for outstanding profits. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall/Financial Times Omar, A., Abduh, M., & Sukmana, R. (2013). Fundamentals of Islamic money and capital markets. Singapore: John Wiley White House Committee on Small Business (U.S.). (1962). Small business in the American economy: Its contributions and its problems [and] the role of the Federal Government. Washington. Wueste, D. E. (1994). Professional ethics and social responsibility. Lanham, Md: Rowman and Littlefield. Source document

Discussion 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Discussion 2 - Assignment Example Belgium was defending its sovereignty and neutrality in the war protected by their treaty with the Great Britain. This resulted in Belgium being attacked by Germany with the largest casualties being on Aorschot, Andenne, tamines, Leuven, Dinant and Liege regions. The documentary follows through the ruins of Leuven showing the aftermath of the war. The Germans brought down to ashes the town together with its university and the priceless manuscripts at the library. The only building that survived was the town hall and only because it was the German QG. The German army killed nearly 6000 Belgian civilians including women and children burnt more than 25000 homes and buildings. The documentary although based on the world seems to be passing judgment on Germany. The documentary is an excellent depiction the horror that was present in World War 1 and the untold accounts by the survivors. Chapter 3 in the book Hitler and Nazi Germany is about the growth and victory of Nazism between 1924 and 1934. The section follows the imprisonment of Hitler and his change of tact. Hitler had been imprisoned for treason after staging the â€Å"Beer Hall Putsch† in Munich, which failed. The Beer Hall putsch was a forceful takeover of the government in Bavaria. He wrote his book â€Å"My struggle† in prison which gave him a lot of publicity. While in prison Hitler realized that the only way to win public support was through a legal and constitutional means and started the process of reconstructing the Nazi (National Socialist German workers party) party. The chapter follows Hitler in prison and after his release, after release from prison Hitler formally refounded the party in February 1925 proclaiming it to be the fighter of Marxism. According to Hitler Germany’s economic depression was a result of the Treaty of Versailles, the Treaty that ended the world war 1, the treaty had burdened Germany with compensations that

National Lewis and Clark Corporation Case Study

National Lewis and Clark Corporation - Case Study Example In this respect, diversity within Nest is viewed as an opportunity, which enables the company's managers to fully adapt to its 86 foreign markets by integrating a diverse set of cultures, allowing them to become more responsive to its customers' needs. Thus, Nestl's philosophy focuses on developing a diverse workforce, which mirrors the needs of its equally diverse consumer. Furthermore, Nestle, together with other European companies, views diversity as "inseparably intertwined" with leadership development (Reichlin, 2004). Hence to effectively incorporate diversity, Nest focuses on more than just developing a diverse workforce, but on integrating diversity with leadership training and advancement and workforce retention and recruitment. 2. Two notable diversity initiatives implemented in Nest lies in its value-added leadership approach and emphasis on the company's leadership training program focused on honing its internal workforce for top management positions (Reichlin, 2004). First, through its value-added leadership, Nestle successfully develops a highly-motivated workforce, where minor employees are given the chance to excel and play larger roles within the organization. As Reichlin (2004) explains it, everyone, regardless of their position, is given responsibilities within the company insofar as they add value to the firm, hence fostering inclusiveness. Its leadership training program, on the other hand, fosters collaboration and cooperation across the management spectrum. One characteristic of this program is its focus on mentoring. By giving one-on-one attention and monitoring potential leaders' development and maturity, Nest succeeds in maintaining its employees' original cultures while integrating individu als into their corporate culture and honing them for advancement to top-management positions. Furthermore, company executives also gain better knowledge regarding its workforce, allowing them to make better decisions with regard to diversity.

Morphsuits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Morphsuits - Essay Example The founders of the company include two brothers Fraser and Ali Smeaton, and Gregor Lawson who was their flatmate. The founders of the company lived in Edinburgh, the headquarters of the company, Scotland and this innovation would have phenomenal growth in the country and across the world. The three seized the opportunity in what can be described as an entrepreneurial move and started the production of morphsuits from their apartment (BBC News, 2014). The entrepreneurial characteristic that is important in innovations and development relates to the identification of an opportunity and its maximum utilization as the three founder members did with the introduction of morphsuits. The idea stemming from the party and the dress code of their friend who was prominent at the party getting a lot of attention, being bought drinks and taking numerous pictures spurred the theme behind morphsuits. The three founders took the opportunity and made an investment of one thousand dollars each while ensuring improvement to the bodysuit. The improvement to the morphsuits that distinguished it from the body suit was the provision of better vision. Two additional characteristics are exhibited in the development of morphsuits with the first one being taking of risks in terms of investments. Innovations are done on the projection of positive results in the future, but so are the chances of failure and hence innovations have to be accompanied by an incr eased level of risk acceptance. Innovations are possible when people are risk takers as opposed to being risk averse. The second element visible from the morphsuits example touches on the improvement in quality or an identified aspect of an existing product or idea. The morphsuits designed by the three founders cover the whole body and come in different varieties of designs to suit the expectations of consumers. The name morphsuits might be assumed ambiguous, but on the

People have become more overly dependent on technology Essay

People have become more overly dependent on technology - Essay Example According to Spira (2011) technology has been well embraced by so many people in the world. This to some extent has both negatively and positively contributed to the development in various countries. All people depend on technology for several things. Technology has become a back bone to so many things in the world. Technology has been majorly been embraced in the transport and communication sector. Countries that have low level technology are termed as under developed countries while those with high level of technology are the developed countries. Most of the African countries are under developed. This is because of the few industries found in these countries. Klososky (2011) states technology has improved the communication sector to a larger extent whereby people are able to convey their concern to one another despite the distance differences. Communication has become faster, efficient and cheaper. All people can afford mobile phones which are widely used. Most teenagers have embraced Facebook and twitter which are providing easier mode of social networking. Technology has helped in the improvement of transport sector since there are many faster modes of transport that have been invented. Transport means such as aircrafts help someone to reach their destination very fast and easier this has improved the market sectors since perishable goods such as horticultural products can reach the market on time.

Martin Luther King and Alice Walker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Martin Luther King and Alice Walker - Essay Example Martin Luther King's epiphanies however, were such that they changed the face of a nation. When the Other Dancer is the Self by Alice Walker takes a beautiful and pertinent look at what drives women and particularly little girls. Beauty is something we all strive for, especially in today's media conscious world. It is really a connection between self confidence and self esteem that Alice Walker talks about. In the beginning of her memoir she speaks about being beautiful or 'cute' and having attention poured upon her. She remembers everything she is wearing and even what the day was like until the change occurs. In some instances where a tragic event changes a person's life they forget the good times, when everything seemed to be alright and focus rather on the event that changed their lives. Alice Walker has a vivid memory of the times when her confidence was high. There are essentially two paragraphs that describe these times and then one line that explains the change. That one line has its purpose in that effectively closes a chapter. Walker writes: "It was great fun be ing cute. But then, one day, it ended."(Walker 55). Alice Walker remembers then the tiniest detail of what changed her life and that scar that seemed to rip a gaping hole through her existence. There are actually two turning points within this story that both deal with the 'self' and the coming of age into a world where ones physical appearance no longer matters as much. When Alice Walker was shot, she had been known as a certain person and she feels thereafter that she was no longer that person. She remembers being changed and asking those around her whether or not she had changed. "Years later, in the throes of a mid-life crisis, I ask my mother and sister whether I changed after the 'accident.' 'No,' they say, puzzled. 'What do you mean'" (Walker 56). In this journey Walker begins to ask herself whether the change was part of her imagination. She wonders if that change was something so small yet significant that others could not see it. There are two ways of looking at this chang e or turning point. The first transition is when she was shot and when she imagined this change as being all-encompassing. The second change is when she realizes that it really made no difference and the way she sees herself is not necessarily the way the world sees you. Take for instance an acne sufferer: their condition has cleared up but they are so fixated on the one blemish that does not clear up that they believe this all other people see. They are often shocked when those around them honestly never noticed it. Alice Walker's perception of herself changed when her child likened her blind-eye to the way the world looks from a distance. This is a remarkable definition of the 'self', and once a new way of defining the 'self' is recognized, it puts everything else into perspective. Women are eternally concerned about their appearance perhaps still due to the old way of thinking in biological terms. Hundreds of years ago, a woman's future relied on finding a man and being able to k eep him. He was her security, which meant that keeping him from straying was important and therefore preservation of appearance was also imperative. This mind-set has not yet been abolished. The way others view our appearance is very much dependent on how we view ourselves and what we are aware of within that self. Alice Walker was more confident after the

Should Women Who Commit Murder Be Treated More Leniently Research Paper

Should Women Who Commit Murder Be Treated More Leniently - Research Paper Example The treatment and sentencing of women who commit murders have been discussed thoroughly by different theorists and sociologists.   The work of Nagel and Weitzman in 1971 has since established that women seem to receive preferential treatment in their sentencing (Rodriguez, Curry, & Lee, 2006).   The chivalry and focal concerns theories are two of the main theories which have sought to explain this pattern of social behavior.   The chivalry theory was first seen in the 1970s and is mainly based on the cultural stereotypes related to gender.   In this case, this theory sets forth that women are fickle and childlike and therefore are not responsible for their criminal activities (Rodriguez, Curry, & Lee, 2006).   Women should, therefore, be protected by the men who should do everything in their power to reduce the pain and suffering that these women experience.   In effect, this theory â€Å"suggests that society desires to treat women more leniently than men† (Heberl e, 1999, p. 1107).   This hesitation based on this theory refers to its reasons for women’s status as mothers and vulnerable figures sexually. The focal concerns theory is yet another theory which sought to explain the seemingly preferential treatment of female criminals.   This theory sets forth that due to the limited time that judges have on their cases, they often do not receive sufficient information on defendants and their cases.   Consequently, in the course of their adjudication, their personal opinions and preferences can often significantly impact on the way they render sentences on defendants (Rodriguez, Curry, & Lee, 2007).   In the end, these judges sometimes end up crediting attributes about a defendant’s liability and recidivism based on blameworthiness, dangerousness and practical constraints (Rodriguez, Curry, & Lee, 2007).   In the process, they also end up crediting certain gender-based qualities to the offenders.   They would likely view women to be less of a risk to the community and less likely to be a recidivist; and they would likely view male offenders to be at fault and therefore, more responsible for their crimes (Rodriguez, Curry, & Lee, 2007).   This theory also sets forth that men are more capable of doing their time in prison as compared to females.